NFL legend Warren Moon explains why Patrick Mahomes-Jalen Hurts matchup gives him 'sense of pride'

Patrick Mahomes and Jalen Hurts will make history Sunday when they become the first two Black quarterbacks to start a single Super Bowl as the Kansas City Chiefs take on the Philadelphia Eagles.

For Pro Football Hall of Famer Warren Moon, he had to make sure it hadn’t been done before.

Moon accomplished a lot in his stellar NFL career. He spent five seasons with the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League and won five Grey Cups. He joined the Houston Oilers in 1984 and played there until 1993. He then played for the Minnesota Vikings from 1994 to 1996. He would spend two years with the Seattle Seahawks and finish his career with two more seasons with the Chiefs.

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Warren Moon gives acceptance speech at NFL Pro Football Hall of Fame Enshrinement at Fawcett Stadium in Canton, Ohio on Saturday, August 5, 2006.

Warren Moon gives acceptance speech at NFL Pro Football Hall of Fame Enshrinement at Fawcett Stadium in Canton, Ohio on Saturday, August 5, 2006. (Kirby Lee/Getty Images)

After nine Pro Bowls and an NFL Offensive Player of the Year award, his legacy was cemented in 2006 when he became the first Black quarterback to be inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame.

Moon told Fox News Digital in a recent interview that he had to check the record books again just to make sure the anticipated matchup hadn’t already been done before.

“I was watching the AFC Championship, and when the Chiefs won, that was the first thing on the top of my head. I’m like, ‘Wait a minute, has this ever happened before? There’s going to be two Black quarterbacks in the Super Bowl?’ And then I started going back over the Super Bowls because I knew there was a number of Black quarterbacks that had played it but never against each other. So, then I just got really proud there for a moment,” he said.

The former superstar said he was watching the game with fellow Hall of Famer Jerome Bettis and five-time Pro Bowler Mark Clayton when the Chiefs solidified the victory over the Cincinnati Bengals.

Houston Oilers quarterback Warren Moon (1), elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame class of 2006, fires a pass during the AFC Divisional Playoff, a 26-24 loss to the Denver Broncos on January 4, 1992, at Mile High Stadium in Denver, Colorado.

Houston Oilers quarterback Warren Moon (1), elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame class of 2006, fires a pass during the AFC Divisional Playoff, a 26-24 loss to the Denver Broncos on January 4, 1992, at Mile High Stadium in Denver, Colorado. (William R. Sallaz/Getty Images)

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“We all just started high-fiving each other and just were really happy for the fact that this is really finally happening because it is history,” Moon said. “And for me, I just had a sense of pride that everything that I went through trying to play the position of quarterback, people telling me that I couldn’t, happen to go to another country, all the different things I went through on my journey, and then the guys before me like Shack Harris and Marlin Briscoe and Joe Gilliam, and knowing what those guys went through, it was just a very proud moment for me that all of our trailblazing have not gone in vain.”

Moon didn’t think the storyline would add any extra pressure to either quarterback.

Mahomes is set to appear in his third Super Bowl and is going after his second ring. Hurts is after his first ring in his first Super Bowl. The rest is just outside chatter.

Jalen Hurts #1 of the Philadelphia Eagles speaks with Patrick Mahomes #15 of the Kansas City Chiefs at Footprint Center on February 6, 2023 in Phoenix, Arizona.

Jalen Hurts #1 of the Philadelphia Eagles speaks with Patrick Mahomes #15 of the Kansas City Chiefs at Footprint Center on February 6, 2023 in Phoenix, Arizona. (Cooper Neill/Getty Images)

“I think if anything, it lets them relax a little bit,” Moon explained to Fox News Digital. “They don’t feel like they’re the only one in the game, that they’re the only Black quarterback in the game. One of those guys is going to win. They both have great respect for one another. I think it’s more of a history-type thing to the fans and to the media. It’s a great storyline to talk about this week, just like the Kelce brothers and Andy Reid going to play against his former team. A lot of great storylines to this game, but this is pretty historic because it’s never happened before.”

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With the NFL world putting more scrutiny on giving more minorities roles in the coaching and front-office ranks, Moon said he hopes the Super Bowl moment will lead to a ripple effect across the league in all its aspects.

“I’m hoping so. We did get another African-American coach hired this year, and we had an African-American general manager going to the Tennessee Titans,” he said. “There’s some progress being made. It’s slow, but it is progress. We just have to keep trucking along.”

“I think the more we can get African Americans, either front-office people or coaches or whatever, in front of owners and let them get a chance to see who these guys are and what their personalities are all about, I think that has a lot to do with it because look at the Houston Texans hire (DeMeco Ryans). He played for the Houston Texans. They know him, they’re comfortable with him, they know his character and they know his personality. That made it easy for them to pick him as a head coach because of that familiarity. That’s what it’s going to take for other African-American coaches to get those opportunities because you have to remember they’re being hired by White men, and you’re going to usually hire whoever you feel comfortable. Unless they have that comfort with you, you’re probably not going to get the job over somebody else.”

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The Chiefs and Eagles will meet in Super Bowl LVII on Sunday at 6:30 p.m. ET. The game can be seen on FOX.

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Viasat exploring partnerships for GEO and LEO direct-to-smartphone services

TAMPA, Fla. — Viasat is exploring hybrid narrowband direct-to-smartphone services using satellites in geostationary and non-geostationary orbits, CEO Mark Dankberg said Feb. 8.

There is “plenty that can be done both at GEO as well as at non-GEO,” Dankberg said while addressing the SmallSat Symposium in Mountain View, California, and “what we’re really looking at is a harmonized system between the two.”

During Viasat’s financial results call Feb. 7, Dankberg said the GEO broadband operator is open to partnering with low Earth orbit (LEO) companies, including arch-rival SpaceX.

“Personally, we don’t rule out partnering with anybody,” he said in response to an analyst question about allying with SpaceX, “but I think we’ve shown that we can really add value in the space architectures more than we could just in lease fees for spectrum as an example — but, we never say never.”

Viasat is closing in on its acquisition of British GEO broadband and narrowband operator Inmarsat, which has global L-band spectrum rights and has been developing plans to provide services from LEO.

Dankberg told the SmallSat Symposium that while Viasat made its mulit-billion dollar offer for Inmarsat because of its international broadband presence, its direct-to-smartphone narrowband capabilities are increasingly compelling.

He said “one of the biggest potential markets is direct-to-device,” which is “going to have a big influence, both positive and negative, when it comes to … the self-interest of nations.”

Advances in technology and telecoms protocol standardization are making it easier to communicate to and from orbit without large antennas or specialized phones. 

“It’s possible to control that,” Dankberg said, “but when any cell phone in the world, or smartwatch … within your borders can connect to a space system directly, that is not consistent with the self-interest of quite a few nations in the world.”

As direct-to-smartphone efforts pick up and capabilities advance beyond emergency messaging, he sees other knock-on effects across the rest of the space industry.

These include more mass being put into orbit, increasing the threat of debris-causing collisions threatening the viability of space operations for all operators.

Small LEO satellites have been getting larger to improve their capabilities as launch economics improve, Dankberg noted.

He pointed to how SpaceX’s Starlink broadband satellites have increased from about 250 kilograms to the 2,000-kilogram range to add new capabilities, such as direct-to-smartphone services, into its second-generation broadband constellation.

Viasat believes “you do not need very large satellites to accomplish missions in space,” Dankberg said, and is focusing on improving payload integration to save space.

“We’re looking at standardized cubesat-type form factors that we think we can buy that will create a vibrant ecosystem,” he added, “to allow many new entrants into these into these systems.”

Viasat is still waiting on regulatory approvals from the United Kingdom and European to buy Inmarsat after announcing the deal in November 2021.

The statuary deadline for the U.K.’s competition watchdog to decide on the deal is March 30, Raymond James analyst Ric Prentiss said in a recent investor note, and “then the last remaining hurdle would be the European Commission which could potentially elongate the timeline.”

Viasat, which recently completed the $2 billion sale of its tactical data communications business, reported $651 million in revenue from continuing operations in the three months to the end of December, up 4% year-on-year.

Adjusted EBITDA, or earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, declined 15% to $139 million. 

The operator also disclosed an extra few weeks of delays for its debut next-generation ViaSat-3 satellite, designed to add significant amounts of capacity over the Americas, which is now slated for a SpaceX Falcon Heavy launch in the week of April 8.

The second ViaSat-3, covering Europe, Middle East, and Africa, is counting down to a September launch on one of United Launch Alliance’s last Atlas launches.

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Former Massachusetts school superintendent convicted of battery

A former Massachusetts school superintendent was convicted by a jury Thursday of indecent assault and battery for inappropriately touching an employee in his office.

Frederick Foresteire, 79, who led the city of Everett’s schools from 1989 until his resignation in 2018 when the assault allegations first came to light, was sentenced to 18 months in jail with 90 days to serve and the balance suspended for two years. He must also register as a sex offender.

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Foresteire was found guilty of indecently assaulting the 41-year-old female victim multiple times in 2017 and 2018.

Former Everett, Massachusetts, school district superintendent Frederick Foresteire was convicted of battery Thursday.

Former Everett, Massachusetts, school district superintendent Frederick Foresteire was convicted of battery Thursday.

The victim worked for him at the Everett Public School Administration Building, according to prosecutors. The allegations included that the defendant touched her buttocks on various dates in the School Administration Building where they worked.

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Foresteire took the stand in his own defense to deny inappropriately touching the woman.

Foresteire was placed on leave by the Everett School Committee in September 2018 and announced his retirement several days later.

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There are two additional counts of indecent assault and battery pending against Foresteire, involving two other former female employees, according to prosecutors. The second case against the Foresteire has been set for trial on Feb. 15.

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2 men arrested in the 1975 drowning in Indiana of a 17-year-old church camp worker who 'fought for her life'



CNN
 — 

Two Indiana men have been arrested for the murder of a 17-year-old girl whose 1975 drowning death remained a cold case until evidence linked the suspects to the victim in a decades-long investigation, police said.

Fred Bandy Jr., 67, of Goshen, and John Wayne Lehman, 67, of Auburn, have each been charged with one count of murder in connection with the death of Laurel Jean Mitchell, the Indiana State Police said in a news release Tuesday.

Mitchell’s parents reported her missing on August 6, 1975, when she didn’t return home after leaving her job at the Epworth Forrest Church camp around 10:00 p.m., police said. The teen’s body was found the next morning in a river in western Noble County, about 17 miles from her home, the ISP said.

Her cause of death was listed as drowning, but an autopsy report “showed signs that she had fought for her life,” leading police to initiate a homicide investigation, according to police.

On Monday, more than 47 years after Mitchell’s death, Bandy Jr. and Lehman were taken into custody “without incident” at their homes by officers with the Indiana State Police and the Noble County Sheriff’s Department, police said.

Laurel Jean Mitchell's parents reported her missing after she didn't come home from her job at a church camp on August 6, 1975.

The two suspects are currently being held without bond at the Noble County Jail, the release said. Both men had an initial court hearing and will be assigned a public defender, James Abbs, the Chief Public Defender of Noble County, told CNN in a statement.

“It was just such a waste,” Mitchell’s sister, Sarah Knisley, told CNN affiliate WPTA. “I just always wondered, you know, how she would have turned out. She missed prom, she missed graduation, she missed getting married and having kids and all that stuff.”

The new developments in the investigation came in the last couple of months after workers with the Indiana State Police laboratory tested evidence to make a correlation between the two suspects and the victim, the release said.

“This case is a culmination of a decades long investigation… and science finally gave us the answers we needed,” Indiana State Police Captain Kevin Smith said in a statement. “Playing a significant role in charges being filed was the Indiana State Police Laboratory Division. We simply could not have solved this case without them.”

Smith also said the public came forward with “valuable information,” over the course of the investigation, which was key to solving the case.

Police said DNA testing of Mitchell’s clothing eventually led officers to arrest the two men, according to CNN affiliate WPTA.

Genetic genealogy, which combines DNA evidence and traditional genealogy to find biological connections among people, has “changed the game” for police investigations in recent years, Smith said during a news conference this week.

The first detectives assigned to the case spent thousands of hours trying to solve Mitchell’s murder, state police said, and the investigation continued over the next five decades while her family waited for answers.

“I hope this brings them at least a little peace at this point,” Smith said of Mitchell’s family. “I cannot imagine having dealt with that for 47 years, wondering what happened.”

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Lindsay Clancy case: Timeline of Massachusetts nurse accused of killing her three children

If you or someone you know is having thoughts of suicide, please contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 988.

The day Lindsay Clancy allegedly killed her three children and paralyzed herself when she attempted suicide started when she built a snowman with her 3-year-old son and 5-year-old daughter. 

That was outside the Clancys’ Duxbury, Massachusetts home the morning of Jan. 24, prosecutors said during Tuesday’s arraignment in Plymouth County District Court.

At 4:02 p.m., the 32-year-old nurse searched on her phone about kids’ MiraLAX and takeout restaurants, according to prosecutors, who alleged this was the beginning of a murderous plot to kill her children.

By 6:11 p.m., her husband, Patrick Clancy, was on the phone with 911 screaming for help when he found his wife in the backyard after she jumped from their bedroom window. 

LINDSAY CLANCY’S HUSBAND ‘BEGGED KIDS TO BREATHE’ AFTER MA MOM ALLEGEDLY ‘HEARD VOICES TO KILL THEM

Lindsay and Patrick Clancy with two of their three children in this undated photo

Lindsay and Patrick Clancy with two of their three children in this undated photo (Lindsay Marie Clancy/Facebook)

He was still on the phone with 911 emergency personnel when he screamed after finding his children with exercise ropes around their necks, prosecutors said.

Prosecutors detailed what happened in the two-plus hours that began with Lindsay’s internet searches and ended with Patrick’s 54-minute trip from their house to CVS, to the restaurant and back.  

4:02 p.m. and 4:13 p.m. internet searches

Lindsay Clancy searched on her phone about kids’ MiraLAX, which is a laxative, then searched “takeout ThreeV,” prosecutors said.

“Immediately after that, she used Apple Maps on her phone to determine how long it would take someone to drive from her home in Duxbury to ThreeV Restaurant in Plymouth, so she would know how long someone would be gone if they ran that errand,” Assistant District Attorney Jennifer Sprague said. 

Lindsay Clancy's three children: 5-year-old Cora, 3-year-old Dawson and 7-month-old Callan.

Lindsay Clancy’s three children: 5-year-old Cora, 3-year-old Dawson and 7-month-old Callan. (Lindsay Marie Clancy/Facebook)

4:47 p.m. call to CVS

Clancy allegedly searched the CVS website and then called the Kingston pharmacy and talked to the manager about the MiraLAX, according to prosecutors. 

“According to the manager of CVS, her voice did not sound slurred or impaired in any way,” Sprague said. “She had no trouble understanding the defendant, and it was a perfectly normal conversation.”

MASSACHUSETTS MOM LINDSAY CLANCY’S 911 DISPATCH REVEALS FRANTIC FIRST RESPONDERS

4:53 to 5:10 p.m. 

Clancy’s husband was working from home in his basement office, and she allegedly asked him to go to CVS and pick up takeout at ThreeV Restaurant in a text, saying, “I didn’t cook anything. It’s been a long day,” prosecutors said. 

He obliged. 

At 5:06 p.m., he asked her what she wanted to eat, and she responded. Once they got their orders together, she called the restaurant at 5:10 p.m.

Lindsay Clancy with two of her three children in this undated photo.

Lindsay Clancy with two of her three children in this undated photo. (Lindsay Marie Clancy/Facebook)

5:15 to 5:37 p.m.

Patrick left the house at 5:15 p.m. and was seen on surveillance footage in the Kingston CVS at 5:32 p.m.

He called Lindsay at 5:33 p.m., but she didn’t answer, according to prosecutors. 

She called back a minute later, and they spoke for 14 seconds about which medication to get. “It was a completely normal call,” Sprague said. 

“Although he did mention that she seemed like she was in the middle of something,” she added.

Patrick was seen leaving CVS at 5:37 p.m.

CLANCY KILLINGS: JUDGE ALLOWS FORENSIC PSYCHIATRIST TO EVALUATE MOM ACCUSED OF STRANGLING HER 3 KIDS

Lindsay Clancy, a Massachusetts mom accused of killing her children, is arraigned from a hospital bed Feb. 7, 2023.

Lindsay Clancy, a Massachusetts mom accused of killing her children, is arraigned from a hospital bed Feb. 7, 2023. (Plymouth County District Court)

5:54 p.m. food pickup

Patrick is seen on security footage picking up the food at this time, and he’s in and out “within a minute.”

“When he arrived home, the first thing he noticed was the silence,” Sprague said. “He did not see or hear the defendant or the children.”

6:09 p.m. Patrick calls Lindsay

Because of the unusual silence, Patrick called Lindsay, but there was no answer. He searched the house for her and discovered their bedroom door was locked, according to prosecutors. 

He was able to get inside and saw blood on the floor in front of a mirror and an open window. 

He ran downstairs to the backyard, where he found his wife. 

6:11 p.m. 911 call

Patrick called 911 and said that there were wounds on his wife’s wrist and neck, but they appeared to be dried up, and she was conscious but injured. 

On the phone, emergency personnel heard Patrick ask Lindsay, “What did you do?”

She responded, “I tried to kill myself and jump out the window,” Sprague said. 

He was still on the phone when he asked Lindsay where the kids were. 

“He later told police that she replied, ‘In the basement,'” Sprague said. 

MASSACHUSETTS CLANCY KILLINGS: MOTHERS’ MURDERS ‘UNLIKE ANY OTHER TYPE OF HOMICIDE,’ ANDREA YATES’ LAWYER SAYS

Patrick was still on the phone with 911 dispatchers when he ran downstairs to the basement and found his three children with exercise cords around their necks, prosecutors said. 

“He can be heard screaming in agony, in shock as he found his children,” Sprague said. “His scream seemed to get louder and more agonized as the time passes. …. He removed the bands and begged them to breathe.”

Cora, 5, and Dawson, 3, died in a hospital. Seven-month-old Callan survived three more days before he died. 

Lindsay Clancy holding her youngest child, Callan, who was 7 months old when he died. 

Lindsay Clancy holding her youngest child, Callan, who was 7 months old when he died.  (Lindsay Marie Clancy/Facebook)

Jan. 27

Lindsay woke up in the hospital but couldn’t speak, prosecutors said. The first thing she wrote on a whiteboard was, “Do I need a lawyer,” Sprague said.

Jan. 28

In a statement on a GoFundMe page, Patrick said he forgave his wife and asked others to do the same. 

“The real Lindsay was generously loving and caring towards everyone — me, our kids, family, friends, and her patients,” he wrote. “The very fibers of her soul are loving. All I wish for her now is that she can somehow find peace.”

Feb. 7

Lindsay appeared from her hospital bed via Zoom in Plymouth County District Court for her arraignment, when she was charged with two counts of murder, three counts of strangulation, and assault and battery with a deadly weapon.

Chief John Kelley of the Wareham Fire Department attends a candlelight vigil for Cora Clancy, 5, and Dawson Clancy, 3, as the community sends prayers and support to the Clancy family Jan. 26, 2023.

Chief John Kelley of the Wareham Fire Department attends a candlelight vigil for Cora Clancy, 5, and Dawson Clancy, 3, as the community sends prayers and support to the Clancy family Jan. 26, 2023. (Wareham Fire Department)

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A plea of not guilty on all charges was entered on her behalf, and the judge didn’t set monetary bail. 

Lindsay is paralyzed from the waist down, according to her defense attorney Kevin Reddington, who said she has a history of struggling with her mental health and has been overmedicated, which turned her into a “zombie.”

“This is a significant issue between the postpartum depression, as well as possibly postpartum psychosis, that is pretty much ignored,” added Reddington, who called this a “tragic” case and an example of a “flawed” mental health care system. 

Prosecutors said Clancy was never diagnosed with postpartum depression, though.

“The defendant did not take advantage of the situation when her husband left the home that night. She created it,” Sprague said.

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The way we search for information online is about to change



CNN Business
 — 

An entire generation of internet users has approached search engines the same way for decades: enter a few words into a search box and wait for a page of relevant results to emerge. But that could change soon.

This week, the companies behind the two biggest US search engines teased radical changes to the way their services operate, powered by new AI technology that allows for more conversational and complex responses. In the process, however, the companies may test both the accuracy of these tools and the willingness of everyday users to embrace and find utility in a very different search experience.

On Tuesday, Microsoft announced a revamped Bing search engine using the abilities of ChatGPT, the viral AI tool created by OpenAI, a company in which Microsoft recently invested billions of dollars. Bing will not only provide a list of search results, but will also answer questions, chat with users and generate content in response to user queries.

The next day, Google, the dominant player in the market, held an event to detail how it plans to use similar AI technology to allow its search engine to offer more complex and conversational responses to queries, including providing bullet points ticking off the best times of year to see various constellations and also offering pros and cons for buying an electric vehicle. (Chinese tech giant Baidu also said this week that it would be launching its own ChatGPT-style service, though it did not provide details on whether it will appear as a feature in its search engine.)

The updates come as the success of OpenAI’s ChatGPT, which can generate shockingly convincing essays and responses to user prompts, has sparked a wave of interest in AI chatbot tools. Multiple tech giants are now racing to deploy similar tools that could transform the way we draft e-mails, write essays and handle other tasks. But the most immediate impact may be on a foundational element of our internet experience: search.

“Although we are 25 years into search, I dare say that our story has just begun,” said Prabhakar Raghavan, an SVP at Google, at the event Wednesday teasing the new AI features. “We have even more exciting, AI-enabled innovations in the works that will change the way people search, work and play. We’re reinventing what it means to search and the best is yet to come.”

For those who may not be sure what exactly to do with the new tools, the companies offered some examples, ranging from writing a rhyming poem to helping plan an itinerary for a trip.

Lian Jye Su, a research director at tech intelligence firm ABI Research, believes consumers and businesses would be happy to embrace a new way to search as long as “it is intuitive, removes more friction, and offers the path of least resistance — akin to the success of smart home voice assistants, like Alexa and Google Assistant.”

But there is at least one wild card: how much users will be able to trust the AI-powered results.

According to Google, Bard can be used to plan a friend’s baby shower, compare two Oscar-nominated movies or get lunch ideas based on what’s in your fridge. But the tool, which has yet to be released to the public, is already being called out for a factual error it made during a Google demo: it incorrectly stated that the James Webb Telescope took the first pictures of a planet outside of our solar system. A Google spokesperson said the error “highlights the importance of a rigorous testing process.”

Bard and ChatGPT, which was released publicly in late November OpenAI, are built on large language models. These models are trained on vast troves of online data in order to generate compelling responses to user prompts. Experts warn these tools can be unreliable — spreading misinformation, making up responses and giving different answers to the same questions, or presenting sexist and racist biases.

There is clearly strong interest in this type of AI. The public version of ChatGPT attracted a million users in its first five days last fall and is estimated to have hit 100 million users since. But the trust factor may decide whether that interest will stay, according to Jason Wong, an analyst at market research firm Gartner.

“Consumers, and even business users, may have fun exploring the new Bing and Bard interfaces for a while, but as the novelty wears off and similar tools appear, then it really comes down to ease of access and accuracy and trust in the responses that will win out,” he said.

Generative AI systems, which are algorithms that can create new content, are notoriously unreliable. Laura Edelson, a computer scientist and misinformation researcher at New York University, said, “there’s a big difference between an AI sounding authoritative and it actually producing accurate results.”

While general search optimizes for relevance, according to Edelson, large language models try to achieve a particular style in their response without regard to factual accuracy. “One of those styles is, ‘I am a trustworthy, authoritative source,’” she said.

On a very basic level, she said, AI systems analyze which words are next to each other, determine how they get associated and identify the patterns that lead them to appear together. But much of the onus remains on the user to fact check the answers, a process that could prove just as time consuming for people as the current model of scrolling through links on a page — if not more so.

Microsoft and Google executives have acknowledged some of the potential issues with the new AI tools.

“We know we wont be able to answer every question every single time,” said Yusuf Mehdi, Microsoft’s vice president and consumer chief marketing officer. “We also know we’ll make our share of mistakes, so we’ve added a quick feedback button at the top of every search, so you can give us feedback and we can learn.”

Raghavan, at Google, also emphasized the importance of feedback from internal and external testing to make sure the tool “meets the high bar, our high bar for quality, safety, and groundedness, before we launch more broadly.”

But even with the concerns, the companies are betting that these tools offer the answer to the future of search.

– CNN’s Clare Duffy, Catherine Thorbecke and Brian Fung contributed to this story.

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150 minutes of brisk walking a week reduce liver fat

The 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic activity per week recommended by the US Department of Health and Human Services can significantly reduce liver fat, according to new research.

A meta-analysis of 14 previous studies confirms that exercise leads to clinically meaningful reductions in liver fat for patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

While prior research suggested that physical activity was beneficial, it had not determined the specific amount of exercise needed to make clinically meaningful improvement.

“Our findings can give physicians the confidence to prescribe exercise as a treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,” says Jonathan Stine, associate professor of medicine and public health sciences, and hepatologist at Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center.

“Having a target amount of physical activity to aim for will be useful for health care and exercise professionals to develop personalized approaches as they help patients modify their lifestyles and become more physically active.”

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects close to 30% of the global population and over time, can lead to cirrhosis, also known as liver scarring, and cancer. There are no approved drug treatments or an effective cure for this common condition; however, research has shown that exercise can improve liver fat, physical fitness, body composition, and quality of life for patients.

According to Stine, prior research had not deduced what the required “dose” of exercise was to help patients with NAFLD achieve clinically meaningful improvement—defined as at least a 30% relative reduction of liver fat, measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Stine reviewed 14 studies with a total of 551 subjects who had NAFLD and participated in randomized, controlled trials involving exercise interventions. His team evaluated data pooled from all the studies including age, sex, body mass index, change in body weight, adherence to the exercise regimen, and MRI-measured liver fat.

The researchers’ primary goal was to examine the association between exercise training and a clinically relevant improvement in liver fat. Independent of weight loss, the team found exercise training was 3 1/2 times more likely to achieve clinically meaningful treatment response (greater than or equal to 30% relative reduction in MRI-measured liver fat) compared to standard clinical care.

In its secondary analysis, the team determined what the optimal “dose” of exercise was to achieve clinically meaningful improvements in liver fat. They found that 39% of patients prescribed greater than or equal to 750 metabolic equivalents of task (for example, 150 minutes per week of brisk walking) achieved significant treatment response compared to only 26% of those prescribed lesser doses of exercise. This is the same amount of physical activity recommended by the American
Gastroenterological Association and the European Association for the Study of the Liver.

The results are published in the American Journal of Gastroenterology.

According to Stine, when this amount of exercise was prescribed, clinically relevant reductions in MRI-measured liver fat were achieved at a rate similar to those reported in early-phase NASH drug trials evaluating medications that block fat production.

Exercise is a lifestyle modification, so the fact that it might match the ability of in-development therapeutics to achieve the same outcome is significant,” says Stine, a Penn State Cancer Institute researcher.

“Clinicians counseling patients with NAFLD should recommend this amount of activity to their patients. Brisk walking or light cycling for 1/2 an hour a day five times a week is just one example of a program that would meet these criteria.”

More research, particularly controlled randomized trials, are needed to validate their findings and to compare the impact of different exercise doses head-to-head, Stine says.

Additional coauthors are from the University of California, San Diego and Penn State. Penn State researchers have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health supported the work. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

Source: Penn State

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Minnesota woman with history of mental illness, drug abuse found guilty of fatally shooting her 6-year-old son

A Minnesota woman who asked a store clerk for ammunition that would “blow the biggest hole” was found guilty Wednesday of fatally shooting her 6-year-old son just 10 days after regaining full custody of him, in a case that raised questions about the conduct of child welfare workers.

Jurors in Hennepin County District Court deliberated for less than two hours before finding Julissa Thaler, a 29-year-old Spring Park woman with a history of mental illness and drug abuse, guilty of first-degree murder in the death of Eli Hart.

The charge carries a mandatory sentence of life in prison. Sentencing is scheduled for Feb. 16.

Investigators said Eli was shot inside his mother’s car in a parking lot at Lake Minnetonka Regional Park in Minnetrista. Police found the body in the trunk May 20 after pulling her over for a traffic violation.

During closing arguments, defense lawyer Bryan Leary said she participated in the boy’s death but was not the one who shot him. He said no eyewitnesses, photos or videos connected her to the killing, the Minneapolis Star Tribune reported.

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“She’s not charged with the crime they have proved,” Leary said. “She destroyed evidence, lied to police, ran away, but they have not proved beyond a reasonable doubt that the gun was in her hands when it was fired nine times into her son.”

Thaler did not testify, and her defense called no witnesses.

Assistant Hennepin County Attorney Dan Allard said overwhelming evidence, including cellphone data linking her to all the sites involved in the death, showed Thaler killed her son, either for life insurance money, because of her mental health or after the stress of a custody battle with the boy’s father.

A Minnesota woman was found guilty of killing her 6-year-old son.

A Minnesota woman was found guilty of killing her 6-year-old son. (Fox News)

He noted that the boy’s DNA was found in Thaler’s hair and on her skin and clothes. If if she didn’t shoot him, Allard said, why didn’t she tell police when pulled over, “Oh my God, someone shot my son — he’s in the trunk!”

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Her ex-boyfriend, Tory Hart, a bait and tackle shop manager from Chetek, Wisconsin, has filed a lawsuit alleging that child welfare workers ignored warning signs before his son’s death. He had filed a petition seeking custody shortly before the killing and at trial told jurors his son was “everything to me.”

Hart’s lawsuit and other documents obtained by the Star Tribune spell out a string of issues.

Among other things, police responded to Thaler’s Farmington home 21 times in 10 months, she was arrested for stealing drugs from a health clinic and had to find a new drug-testing facility because of “bizarre behavior.”

Thaler lost custody of Eli twice, first in October 2020 and then for most of 2021.

Robert Pikkarainen, another ex-boyfriend of Thaler, testified at trial that she and Eli had an argument the night before he died because he didn’t want to go to bed.

She left the apartment and put a recently purchased shotgun in the car, grabbed her son and went downstairs, he said.

Pikkarainen, who was not charged, said he fell asleep and asked where she had gone when he woke up the next morning.

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“She was kind of like, ‘I had to go do something,’” Pikkarainen said.

Later that day Thaler was stopped while driving with one tire completely gone, the rim scraping the road and the back windshield blown out.

Officers escorted her home before they continued searching her vehicle. Eli’s body was in the trunk wrapped in a blanket.

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