Michael Cohen meets with NY prosecutors looking into Trump Org. and Stormy Daniels payments


New York
CNN
 — 

Michael Cohen, the former personal attorney to ex-President Donald Trump, met Tuesday with the Manhattan district attorney’s office, the clearest sign that prosecutors are zeroing in on the Trump Organization’s involvement in hush-money payments made to adult film star Stormy Daniels.

As he arrived at the building Cohen said he was complying with a request to meet with prosecutors.

“Called. Asked to come in. That’s what we’re doing,” he said.

About 90 minutes later, Cohen left with his attorney, Lanny Davis, and said, “The meeting went very well.” He added that prosecutors asked him not to disclose the substance of what was discussed but, Cohen said, “It appears that I’ll probably be meeting with them again.”

Davis said he believed prosecutors were “serious” about the investigation.

Cohen previously met with Manhattan prosecutors 13 times over the course of their sweeping investigation into the Trump Org. Their meeting on Tuesday is the first in more than a year.

The focus of the DA’s investigation has returned to the $130,000 payment made to Daniels to stop her from going public about an affair with Trump just before the 2016 election, people familiar with the matter said. Trump has denied the affair.

The district attorney’s office has also reached out to Keith Davidson, who represented Daniels in the hush money deal, in recent weeks but he has not been scheduled for an interview, a person familiar with the matter said.

Cohen was a key player in the hush-money scheme. He facilitated the payments and was reimbursed by the Trump Org. for advancing the money to Daniels. Cohen pleaded guilty to nine federal charges, including campaign finance violations, and was sentenced to three years in prison.

Prosecutors are also looking into potential insurance fraud after new material came to light from the New York attorney general’s civil investigation into the accuracy of the Trump Organization’s financial statements, the people said.

On Friday, the Trump Organization was sentenced to a $1.6 million fine after it was convicted last month of a running a decade-long tax fraud scheme.

Bragg told CNN on Friday that the sentencing represented the closing of one chapter in the office’s investigation, but they are moving onto the next phase.

“It’ll go as long as the facts and the law require,” Bragg said when asked how much longer the yearslong investigation will continue. “But as I said today, we ended a very important chapter. So, a good part of the year was focused on this very, very consequential chapter and now we move on to the next chapter.”

Bragg inherited an investigation focused on the accuracy of the Trump Organization’s financial statements, but he did not authorize prosecutors to move forward to seek an indictment. At the time, he said when the investigation is over he would either publicly announce charges or that the probe had closed.

This story has been updated with additional details.

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Trump Org. fined $1.6 million for criminal tax fraud

“Our laws in this state need to change in order to capture this type of decade-plus systemic and egregious fraud,” he added. “Nonetheless, this historic sentencing serves, or should serve, as a reminder to all in New York, both companies in their corporate form and their executives, that this type of conduct in New York will not be tolerated and will be held accountable.”

Susan Necheles, an attorney representing the firm, said in court on Friday the company plans to appeal the verdict.

A 12-person jury in December found the Trump Corp. and Trump Payroll Corp., units of the Trump Organization, guilty on 17 counts including criminal tax fraud, conspiracy and falsifying business records. The fines imposed Friday totaled the maximum penalty for each of the counts. The company has 14 days to pay the fines.

“It is interesting that the Trump Corporation once again distances the corporation from the acts of the other individuals,” Judge Juan Merchan said Friday, following statements from the prosecution and defense attorneys. “These are arguments that were made throughout the trial, it’s not what the evidence has shown and it’s certainly not what the jury found.”

Prosecutors said the Trump Organization criminally evaded taxes by concealing compensation to top executives in the form of perks like luxury cars and free lodging, while suppressing its payroll costs with lower reported salaries.

The company’s former Chief Financial Officer Allen Weisselberg, who became the star witness in the case against the Trump Organization, was sentenced earlier this week to five months in jail and five years of probation. Weisselberg was the biggest personal beneficiary of the tax scheme, according to prosecutors, and he testified that he received $1.76 million in off-the-books compensation.

Necheles, the attorney for the Trump Organization, said her appeal of the December verdict would be based on the company’s position that the perks didn’t impact the firm, just its employees.

“We disagree with the people’s contention that this was done with an intent to benefit the Trump Corporation,” she said, adding that the conduct was limited to individuals including Weisselberg.

When Trump vowed to appeal last month, he said in a statement that the verdict was “a continuation of the Greatest Political Witch Hunt in the History of our Country.”

“New York City is a hard place to be ‘Trump,’ as businesses and people flee our once Great City!” he said.

Bragg on Friday said the “conviction was consequential” because it was “the first time ever for criminal conviction of former President Trump’s companies.”

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Stock futures fall as earnings season continues

A trader works on the trading floor at the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in New York, August 3, 2022.

Andrew Kelly | Reuters

U.S. stock futures were lower on Tuesday night.

Futures tied to the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell by 77 points, or 0.23%. S&P 500 and Nasdaq 100 futures dipped 0.23% and 0.26%, respectively.

Shares of United Airlines rose more than 1% in extended trading after the company beat Wall Street’s estimates in the latest quarter, propelled by strong travel demand.

Meanwhile, shares of Moderna jumped more than 6% in extended trading after the pharmaceutical company said its vaccine targeting respiratory syncytial virus can prevent the disease in older adults.

During the regular session Tuesday, the Dow declined about 391 points, or 1.14%. Shares of Goldman Sachs tumbled —and dragged on the 30-stock index — after the bank posted an earnings miss. The S&P 500 dipped 0.20%. Meanwhile, the tech-heavy Nasdaq Composite was the only one among the major averages to buck the trend, rising 0.14%.

Those moves follow earnings results from big banks that suggested diverging paths ahead even for names within the same sector. Goldman Sachs’ shares fell more than 6% following a drop in investment banking and asset management revenues. Meanwhile, Morgan Stanley gained 5.9%, boosted by better-than-expected wealth management revenue.

“This is a really pivotal earnings season to find out whether or not companies can weather the storm and how long they can weather it for,” SoFi’s Liz Young said Tuesday on CNBC’s “Closing Bell: Overtime.”

“I still think we’re in a space where the market tends to rally on bad news. And it’s expecting that that means that the Fed will slow down, the Fed will pause, the Fed will pivot, the Fed stops sooner than they say they will. And I think we’re over indexing at this point to the Fed. It’s no longer just about the Fed,” Young added.

Traders are anticipating a slew of economic reports Wednesday, including the latest data for the producer price index and retail sales.

Economists polled by the Dow Jones are expecting the producer price index to have declined 0.1% in December, compared to a 0.3% rise the previous month.

Meanwhile, retail sales in December are expected to dip 1%, according to consensus estimates. The prior reading showed a decline of 0.6%.

Corporate earnings season will continue with earnings from J.B. Hunt Transport Services, Charles Schwab, PNC Financial Services Group and Discover on deck for Wednesday.

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House Rules Package Gives Democrats a Path to Averting a Debt Ceiling Crisis

House Republicans enacted new rules for the 118th Congress on Monday that preserve the traditional right of rank-and-file members of Congress to bypass House leadership and put legislation on the floor directly if they obtain the signatures of a majority of the chamber. This opens a handful of legislative opportunities for Democrats, despite Republican ideological cohesion.

The maneuver, known as a discharge petition, was famously deployed by President Lyndon Johnson and his House allies to pressure reluctant opponents of civil rights to allow a vote for the Civil Rights Act on the floor. Under standard rules, the majority leader sets the floor schedule, in collaboration with the House Rules Committee, but a discharge petition can automatically pull a bill from committee and move it to the floor. Once the logjam was broken, it passed with significant support.

Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-N.Y., deployed a discharge petition in the last Congress to pressure House Speaker Nancy Pelosi to move forward with a ban on congressional stock trading. Pelosi smothered the move by publicly agreeing to hold a vote, but then sabotaged negotiations.

With Democrats holding 213 seats in the 118th Congress, that leaves them five votes short of the number needed to bring a bill to the floor. For most legislation, five votes is far too high a hurdle to clear. It is exceedingly unlikely, for instance, that Democrats could find five Republicans to sign on to a discharge petition that created a vote on codifying Roe v. Wade, though there may be a small number of Republicans put in a difficult spot at home if they resisted signing.

A discharge petition to raise or eliminate the debt ceiling, on the other hand, could avert a financial crisis threatened by Freedom Caucus members who opposed Rep. Kevin McCarthy’s bid for the speakership. In exchange for their votes, Freedom Caucus members won a commitment that McCarthy would hold U.S. debt payments hostage in exchange for significant spending cuts across the board. But if Democrats could find five Republicans unwilling to risk default, which would spark a global financial crisis, a discharge petition would give those Republicans a route around their own leadership.

First-term Rep. Chris Deluzio, D-Pa., said that he saw real opportunities for bipartisanship when it comes to antitrust policy, and a discharge petition could get around McCarthy’s support for concentrated corporate power. “I think there’s some interest on their side in doing some of this. There certainly is on ours. If we can get the numbers, fine, we’ll do it, I’ll be part of that,” he said.

Rep. Raúl Grijalva, D-Ariz., said that a similar dynamic might be at play when it comes to immigration — “the desperation on the border,” as he put it — and the fentanyl crisis, if a handful of Republicans in blue districts feel pressure to get something done. “How can you not hear that and give it a fair opportunity,” he said. “If there’s common-sense, middle-ground, enforcement-slash-humanitarian, how can you turn that one down?”

And, of course, the fate of Republican Rep. George Santos of Long Island remains unclear. Santos is currently one of 18 Republicans serving in a district that voted for Joe Biden for president in the 2020 election. If Santos resigns or is booted from office, the question of codifying Roe in the resulting special election would be more salient with an active discharge petition underway, as it would move Democrats one vote closer to a majority.

In November, following the midterm elections, Ocasio-Cortez backed the idea of a discharge petition on abortion rights, though was concerned that Republicans might strip the discharge petition from the rules in the upcoming term. Their opportunity to do so quietly came and went on Monday. Any effort to change the rules in the middle of the term in response to a petition with momentum would at minimum attract national attention.

“Discharge petition is an excellent vehicle,” Ocasio-Cortez said in the interview. “Using rules is going to be quite important. I know that that’s going to be subject to negotiation within the Republican caucus as well. This is something that they’ve already started to use as a lever. … They are in a much weaker position as a party, which means they have more to concede — not us. And we can stand in that confidence, in that power a little bit more.”

David Segal, head of the group Demand Progress, which often works with both Democrats and Republicans on populist issues, said the motion to discharge opened up opportunities to push legislation opposed by party leadership. “Discharge petitions can be used to a variety of useful aims — from forcing members to take stances on popular issues, to potentially forcing votes on matters of important substance where there’s cross-partisan esteem, like antimonopoly policy, that could actually pass,” he said.

Democrats would have to move fairly quickly, however, to avert a financial crisis. First, a bill would have to be introduced and referred to committee, according to House rules and precedents. Then 30 legislative days would need to expire. Once 218 signatures are collected, another seven legislative days need to pass, at which point the motion would come to the floor on the second or fourth Monday after those seven legislative days are up. A legislative day is one in which the House is in session and then adjourns. A motion to discharge filed in February or March ought to be ripe by summer. The Treasury Department has not put a precise date at which default will occur, but the estimate is summer.

Using a discharge petition to avert default could, however, become a moot issue. Constitutional scholars have argued that the debt ceiling itself is unconstitutional: If Congress appropriates money, the executive is required to spend that money, not default because of a lack of borrowing authority when other avenues to fulfill the appropriations exist.

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Defense & National Security — Top US, Ukrainian military officials meet

Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Mark Milley for the first time met with his Ukrainian counterpart in person on Tuesday, traveling to an undisclosed site in Poland near the Ukrainian border.

We’ll share how the meeting happened and what was discussed. Plus: Details on the Patriot missile system training Ukrainian troops have begun in Oklahoma, and experts weigh in on Russia’s military leadership changeup in its war against Ukraine.

This is Defense & National Security, your guide to the latest developments at the Pentagon, on Capitol Hill and beyond. For The Hill, I’m Ellen MitchellSubscribe here.

US, Ukraine military chiefs meet near Polish border

Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Mark Milley on Tuesday met for a few hours with Ukraine’s chief military officer, Gen. Valerii Zaluzhnyi, after taking a car from a Polish base to an unnamed location near the Ukrainian border, the Pentagon confirmed. 

The discussion: The two “discussed the unprovoked and ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine and exchanged perspectives and assessments,” Army Col. Dave Butler, a spokesman for Milley, said in a statement. “The Chairman reaffirmed unwavering support for Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity.”  

Zaluzhnyi also announced the meeting on Twitter, writing that he extended his “gratitude for the unwavering support & assistance provided by [the United States] & allies to [Ukraine]” and “outlined the urgent needs of the [Armed Forces of Ukraine] which will accelerate our Victory.” 

The significance: The two generals’ get-together marks a symbolic show of support as Washington and the international community ramp up the delivery of lethal aid to Kyiv. The West as of late has pledged Patriot missile defense systems, tanks and other new weapons to the embattled country as it struggles to regain control of territory taken by Russian forces in the east and deal with a near-constant barrage of Kremlin drone and missile strikes.   

Timing: The meeting also comes as the war nears the end of its first year, with Russian forces, along with thousands of private Wagner Group contractors, appearing to dig in for the long haul. Moscow on Tuesday also announced an effort to grow its military to 1.5 million troops over the next several years.   

Butler told reporters traveling with Milley that the two generals thought it was important to meet face-to-face, according to The Associated Press. 

The setup: Butler added that after it became clear Zaluzhnyi would not be able to travel to Brussels later this week for a meeting of NATO and other defense chiefs, he and Milley made alternate plans to meet in Poland.  

The group traveling to the meeting was kept small — just Milley and six of his senior staffers — with the conversation focused on new U.S. training of Ukrainian forces in Germany as well as to gather Zaluzhnyi’s concerns to then relay the information to other military leaders at the NATO meeting.   

Up next: Milley now plans to travel to Brussels, where he will participate in high-level NATO meetings on Wednesday and Thursday, followed by a gathering of the Ukraine Contact Group at Ramstein Air Base in Germany on Thursday and Friday.  

Read the full story here 

Ukrainian troops begin Patriot missile training in US

Ukrainian troops have arrived at Fort Sill, Okla., and started training on the Patriot missile system, the Pentagon’s top spokesperson confirmed Tuesday.  

“Training has begun … that training will last for several months and train upwards of 90 to 100 Ukrainians on use of the Patriot missile system,” press secretary Brig. Gen. Pat Ryder told reporters.   

The location: Fort Sill — home to the Fires Center of Excellence and Patriot training for U.S. troops and forces from other countries — a day earlier announced that the Ukrainian troops had arrived at the Army base.   

“The same instructors who teach U.S., allied and partner nations will conduct the Ukrainian training, and these classes will not detract from the ongoing training missions at Fort Sill,” according to a statement from the base. 

Speed up: Ryder last week said that training on the advanced long-range air defense system is expected to take “several months.” Patriot instruction typically takes up to a year, but defense officials are aiming to speed up the timeline for the Ukrainians. 

Training elsewhere: The start of Patriot training in Oklahoma coincides with the kickoff of an expanded U.S. training program for Ukrainian troops in Germany. 

Read that story here

EXPERTS SEE ‘DESPERATION’ IN PUTIN’S WAR LEADERSHIP SHUFFLE

Russian President Vladimir Putin’s “flailing” decision this month to name a new leader for his invasion of Ukraine reflects a growing sense of desperation for the Kremlin, U.S. experts say.   

The appointment of Gen. Valery Gerasimov, the former chief of Russia’s general staff, as overall commander of the country’s so-called special military operation has global watchers increasingly dubious of Putin’s wartime strategy following a series of embarrassing battlefield losses since summer.   

A coming escalation?: But the switch-up, which included the demotion of Gen. Sergey Surovikin, head of the invasion since October, could also indicate a coming escalation of Russia’s brutal war tactics.   

“My sense is that Putin is flailing because he’s not getting what he wants,” former U.S. Ambassador to Ukraine William Taylor told The Hill. 

“His military is failing. He’s trying to shake things up in order to get a better outcome, and that’s not the problem. … His military is not capable of doing what he wants for all kinds of institutional, historical, corruption, competence reasons, and shaking up the command structure, I don’t think it is going to get him what he wants.” 

Read the rest here 

ON TAP FOR TOMORROW

  • Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin will travel to Germany ahead of Friday’s meeting of the Ukraine Defense Contact Group 
  • Army Chief of Staff Gen. James McConville will speak in person at an Association of the U.S. Army “Coffee Series” event at 6:30 a.m.   
  • The Center for Strategic and International Studies will discuss ocean security challenges at 9 a.m. 
  • The Hudson Institute will host a virtual discussion on “Enhancing Cybersecurity, Information Security, and Industrial Security as the Foundation for Japan’s Defense Transformation,” at 10 a.m.  
  • The Navy Memorial will hold a virtual talk with Navy Chief of Chaplains Rear Adm. Gregory Todd at 1 p.m.  
  • The Brennan Center for Justice at NYU School of Law will host a discussion on “Secret War: Unauthorized Combat and Legal Loopholes,” at 3 p.m.  
  • The Institute of World Politics will hold a seminar on “Foreign Leaders Analysis: A Profile of Xi Jinping,” at 5 p.m.

WHAT WE’RE READING

OP-EDS IN THE HILL

That’s it for today! Check out The Hill’s Defense and National Security pages for the latest coverage. See you tomorrow!

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I Bonds Start to Lose Attractiveness, As Inflation Slows

Series I savings bonds have received a lot of hype over the past two years, and they certainly have performed well.

The I bonds currently being sold carry an interest rate of 6.89%. But the rate may not be as attractive going forward. There are two components to the total interest rate for I bonds: a fixed rate and a rate that’s adjusted every six months to match inflation.

The bonds available now through April have a fixed rate of 0.4%. The inflation-matching rate is 6.49%. That rate is calculated each May 1 and Nov. 1, using the consumer-price index for the past six months. Combining the two interest rates gives you 6.89%.


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Costco, Microsoft Are Stocks Fit for Recession: Goldman Sachs

Many economists and investors believe the Federal Reserve’s interest-rate increases will produce a hard landing for the economy – a recession.

Economists at Goldman Sachs predict a soft landing. But if there is a hard landing, they expect the S&P 500 to fall to 3,150, a 21% drop from the recent level of 3,988.

With that in mind, Goldman Sachs strategists put together a list of 36 stocks that should benefit from a hard landing.


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SpaceVPX (VITA 78) and the World of Interconnect

For decades, open systems architectures and open standards have helped accelerate innovation to end users in aerospace and defense applications through the development of interfaces that are open, key, and well-defined. Today, space system designers and developers are truly embracing the SpaceVPX (VITA 78) standard, which leverages the OpenVPX (VITA 65.0) architecture through its slot profile and module profile level building blocks, which create interconnect solutions based on the user’s need.

Explore the basics of SpaceVPX with the designers of the VPX and SpaceVPX interconnect. Learn about the standard’s origin, the advantages of SpaceVPX vs. OpenVPX, recent changes to the standard and the importance of standard interconnects which drive down cost, results in a more robust supply chain, and maintains a path for future expansion.

 

SpaceVPX is a standard for creating plug-in cards (PICs) from its slot profile and module (protocol) profiles. In turn, these building blocks create interconnected subsystems and systems. Developed under the auspices of The Next Generation Space Interconnect Standard (NGSIS), it is the result of a government-Industry collaboration. The primary goal of SpaceVPX is to cost-effectively remove bandwidth as a constraint for future space systems.

SpaceVPX is based on the VITA (VMEbus International Trade Association) OpenVPX standard with enhancements that extend the standard for space applications.

The NGSIS team selected the OpenVPX standard family as the physical baseline for the new SpaceVPX standard because VPX supports both 3U and 6U form factors with ruggedized and conduction-cooled features suitable for use in extreme environments. The infrastructure of OpenVPX also allows for prototyping and testing SpaceVPX on the ground.

SpaceVPX is built upon several standards, some of which are part of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/VITA and European Cooperation for Space Standardization (ECSS) OpenVPX family:

  • VITA 46 VPX and its ANSI/VITA 65.0 OpenVPX derivative – baseline standard
  • ANSI/VITA 60 and ANSI/VITA 63 – compatible connectors
  • ANSI/VITA 48.2[3] – mechanical extensions
  • ANSI/VITA 62 – standardized power module
  • ANSI/VITA 66 and 67 – replacement of electrical segments with RF or optical solutions
  • ANSI/VITA 46.11[4] – management protocol, the basis for fault-tolerant management of the SpaceVPX system
  • ECSS – SpaceWire standard
  • ECSS – Remote Memory Access Protocol (RMAP)
  • ECSS – SpaceFibre standard
  • Gigabit Ethernet

 

OpenVPX is a defined set of system implementations within VPX that specifies a set of system architectures. OpenVPX organizes connections in four major interconnect planes — data, control, utility, and expansion.

Data Plane
The data plane incorporates high-speed multigigabit fabric connections between modules to carry payload and mission data.

Control Plane
The control plane, also a fabric connection, typically has less capacity and is used for configuration, setup, diagnostics, and other operational control functions within the payload and for lower-speed data transfers.

Utility Plane
The utility plane provides setup and control of basic module functions for power sequencing, low-level diagnostics, clocks, and other base signals needed for system operation.

Expansion Plane
The expansion plane may be used as a separate connection between modules using similar interfaces or to bridge heritage interfaces in a more limited topology such as a bus or ring.

Pins not defined as part of any of these planes are typically user-defined and are available for pass-through from daughter or mezzanine cards, or to rear transition modules (RTM). For maximum module reuse, the user-defined pins should be configurable so as not to interfere with modules that use the same pins in a different way. Consult ANSI/VITA 65.0 for more detail.

An evaluation of OpenVPX for space usage revealed several shortcomings. The key limitation was the lack of features available to support a full, single-fault-tolerant, highly reliable configuration. Utility signals were bused and, in most cases, supported only one set of signals via signal pins to a module. As a result, a pure OpenVPX system has opportunities for multiple failures. Additionally, a full management-control mechanism was not fully defined with VITA 46.11.

From a protocol perspective, SpaceWire is the dominant medium-speed data and control plane interface for most spacecraft, yet the typical OpenVPX control planes are peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) or Ethernet which are not generally used in space applications.  (Note: Gigabit Ethernet was added to the 2022 revision of the SpaceVPX standard.)

The goal of SpaceVPX is to achieve an acceptable level of fault tolerance, while maintaining a reasonable level of compatibility with existing OpenVPX components including connector-pin assignments for the board and the backplane (Figure 1.).

Figure 1 | The goal of SpaceVPX is to achieve an acceptable level of fault tolerance by way of redundancy and switching. Illustration: VITA.

For the purposes of fault tolerance, a module (defined as a printed wire assembly which conforms to defined mechanical and electrical specifications) is considered the minimum redundancy element, or the minimum fault containment region. The utility plane and control plane within SpaceVPX are all distributed redundantly and are arranged in star topologies, dual-star topologies, partial-mesh topologies or full-mesh topologies to provide fault tolerance to the entire system.

To meet the desired level of fault tolerance, the utility plane signals must be dual-redundant and switched to each SpaceVPX card function.

A trade study, conducted in 2010 through a government and industry collaboration with the support of the SpaceVPX Working Group, compared various implementations including adding the switching to each card in various ways and creating a unique switching card. The latter approach was selected so SpaceVPX cards can each receive the same utility plane signals that an OpenVPX card receives with minor adjustments for any changes in topology. This became known as the Space Utility Management module (SpaceUM), a major foundation of the SpaceVPX standard.

A 6U SpaceUM module contains up to eight sets of power and signal switches to support eight SpaceVPX payload modules — the 3U version of the SpaceUM can support up to five. It receives one power bus from each of two power supplies and one set of utility plane signals from each of two system controller functions required in the SpaceVPX backplane. The various parts of the SpaceUM module do not require their own redundancy. They are considered extensions of the power supply, system controller and other SpaceVPX modules for reliability calculation.

Each slot, module and backplane profile in OpenVPX is fully defined and interlinked. Adapting these profiles for use in space requires specification of a SpaceVPX version of each profile.

Slot Profile A slot profile provides a physical mapping of data ports onto a slot’s backplane connector, which is agnostic to the type of protocol used to convey data from the slot to the backplane.

Module and Backplane Profiles
Module profiles are extensions of their accompanying slot profiles which enable mapping of protocols to each module port. A module profile includes information on thermal, power and mechanical requirements for each module. Some module profiles for SpaceVPX are similar to OpenVPX which enables use of OpenVPX modules and backplanes for prototyping or testing on the ground. However, most module profiles for space applications are significantly different from profiles for ground applications so full specifications consistent with SpaceVPX are required. The section of the SpaceVPX standard that defines these profiles forms a majority of the standard.

Interconnects are one more critical part of SpaceVPX. As with other elements of the standard, they are based on interconnects developed for OpenVPX, but designed for the extreme space environment.

Problematic temperatures, vibration, outgassing and other factors can catastrophically compromise interconnect systems as well as signal and power integrity. For decades, designers for space applications have relied on customized interconnect designs to ensure the reliability of embedded electronics exposed to the extremes of space. The high cost and long lead times of a custom interconnect solution were once considered a worthwhile investment against failures that are extremely costly or impossible to fix in space.

Today, the use of standard interconnects drives down cost, improves availability and maintains a path for future expansion.

By leveraging the OpenVPX architecture, SpaceVPX brings in the interconnect solutions which are defined in VITA standards and have gone through extensive testing to support their use in space.

The SpaceVPX slot profiles define the use of VPX connectors (VITA 46 or alternate VPX connectors) and enable implementation of RF (VITA 67) and optical (VITA 66) modules at the plug-in module to backplane interface. Power supplies follow the VITA 62 standard, which also defines the power supply connector interface. For XMC mezzanine cards in plug-in modules, XMC 2.0 connectors per VITA 61 are recommended. Rather than defining new connectors with special characteristics, SpaceVPX slot profiles reference the appropriate VITA connector standards that support the OpenVPX architecture.

The VITA 46 VPX connector is the original VPX interconnect. It is based on TE Connectivity’s (TE) MULTIGIG RT 2 connector which was released in the VITA 46 standard in 2006.

The MULTIGIG RT connector family gives designers an easy-to-implement, modular, standardized and cost-effective interconnect system that helps ensure the reliability of their embedded-computing applications for space systems.

MULTIGIG RT connectors have gone through extensive testing by TE to establish suitability for space, including:

  • Compliant (press-fit) pin technology
    Testing has been performed at min-max board hole sizes and different printed circuit board (PCB) platings to verify the reliability of the compliant pin designs. Today, numerous space applications use compliant pin technology (as compared to traditional soldered connections), and implementation is increasing.
  • Vibration
    The VITA 72 study group was formed to address extreme vibration applications. The group devised a vibration test that subjected a 6U VPX test unit to random vibration levels of 0.2 g2/Hz for 12 hours, a severe requirement compared to the original VPX standard. TE’s MULTIGIG RT 2-R connector — featuring an enhanced quad-redundant backplane connector contact system and rugged guide hardware — tested successfully as part of this effort and has been used in highly rugged applications since 2013.
  • Extreme temperature
    MULTIGIG connectors were subjected to a temperature range of -55 ˚C to +105 ˚C when initially qualified for VPX in 2006, which met the VITA 47 standard for plug-in modules. In direct response to requirements from space-systems developers, MULTIGIG RT connectors have since been tested and survived -55 °C to +125 °C, including exposure to 1,000 hours of heat at 125 °C and 100 thermal shock cycles from -55 °C to +125 °C.
  • Outgassing
    Unlike heavy polymer plug-in module connectors used in conventional backplane connector designs, MULTIGIG RT connectors incorporate air gaps, so less polymer is required. The polymer reduction reduces weight and decreases outgassing. With MULTIGIG RT connector materials, total mass loss (TML) is less than 1% and collected volatile condensable materials (CVCM) is less than 0.01%, which meets NASA and European Space Agency (ESA) outgassing requirements.
  • Current capacity
    When VITA 78 was developed, there was a need for VPX connectors to support new pinouts (not defined in VITA 46) to support the requirements for redundant power distribution and redundant management distribution. TE completed extensive testing for current carrying capability on multiple adjacent MULTIGIG power wafers within plug-in module connectors and also released new wafer configurations to support the VITA 78 Space Utility Management module architecture.

Most space system designers use MULTIGIG RT connectors to meet their requirements with no physical change to the design or materials and finishes. If minimal changes are required (e.g., higher lead content [40%] in the contact tails is specified for increased tin-whisker mitigation), additional screening tests are required based on the user or program requirements, but the connector-manufacturing processes are relatively the same which helps improve cost and availability.

RF and optical connector modules can be integrated within an OpenVPX slot to carry signals through the backplane to/from the plug-in module. These connector modules are mounted to the boards (including standard aperture cutouts on the backplane) to house multiple coaxial contacts or optical fibers. They can replace select VITA 46 connectors within a slot. These RF and optical connector modules and contacts have been used in satellite systems and are suitable for other applications in space.

VITA 67 is the base standard for RF modules. VITA 67.3 is used for SpaceVPX architecture with apertures defined within specific slot profiles for RF and optical connector modules.  VITA 67.3 offers coaxial contact solutions with the initial sub-miniature push-on micro (SMPM) contacts as well as higher-density coaxial interfaces NanoRF and switched-mode power supply (SMPS), which can increase the contact density two to three times over SMPM. A new revision to VITA 67.3 has begun to add 75 Ohm coaxial interfaces to support higher speed video.

VITA 66 is the base standard for optical modules, with MT ferrules as the primary optical interface between the plug-in module and backplane. The apertures in SpaceVPX slot profiles accommodate optical and hybrid RF/optical connector modules meeting the requirements of VITA 66.5. MT interfaces can be specified for 12 or 24 fibers for highest density.

 

XMC mezzanine cards can be implemented on SpaceVPX plug-in modules to add I/O and other features. VITA 61 XMC 2.0, the standard based on TE’s Mezalok connector, is the recommended XMC connector in the SpaceVPX standard. The Mezalok connector features multiple points of contact per pin, supporting the redundancy required for space applications. The connector meets outgassing requirements and has been tested to extreme environments — including 2000 thermal cycles from -55 ºC to +125 ºC with no solder joint failures.

By leveraging the OpenVPX architecture, SpaceVPX can also leverage the OpenVPX interconnect roadmap which addresses solutions having faster speeds, higher density, smaller size, and lighter weight. There is significant activity with new and revised VITA standards to define technologies supporting next-generation embedded computing.

Higher data rate MULTIGIG RT 3 connectors are available and standardized in VITA 46.30 (compliant pin) and 46.31 (solder tail) to support channels to 25-32 Gigabits per second, supporting 100G Ethernet and PCI Gen 4 and 5. These can be incorporated in a SpaceVPX slot replacing VITA 46.0 connectors.

The latest revision of the VITA 67.3 standard includes higher-density RF interfaces NanoRF and SMPS, reducing size and weight — both of which are critical for space systems — and accommodating higher frequencies to 70 GHz. A new revision to VITA 67.3 has begun to add 75 Ohm coaxial interfaces within a connector module to support higher speed video protocols.

The VITA 66.5 standard will be released in 2022, documenting higher-density optical interfaces, bringing up to three MT interfaces into a half-module and enabling integration of a fixed edge-mount transceiver. In addition, VITA 66.5 provides solutions with NanoRF contacts and optical MTs integrated into a common connector module, providing unprecedented density within an OpenVPX slot.

New VITA 62 power supply standards have addressed three-phase power (VITA 62.1) and higher 270VDC input voltages (VITA 62.2). New MULTIBEAM XLE connectors from TE with isolating fins provide this upgrade for higher voltage levels while maintaining the same VITA 62.0 interface.

  • SpaceVPX is a set of standards for interconnects between space system components developed to cost-effectively remove bandwidth as a constraint for future space systems.
  • The goal of SpaceVPX is to achieve an acceptable level of fault tolerance while maintaining a reasonable level of compatibility with existing OpenVPX components.
  • SpaceVPX interconnect are based on interconnects developed for OpenVPX, adapted for the extreme space environment.
  • TE connectors have gone through extensive testing to establish suitability for space and have been used in satellite systems and other space applications.
  • New and revised VITA standards continue to define technologies that support the next generation of embedded computing while reducing costs, improving availability of components, and maintaining a path for future expansion.

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Patrick Collier is Open Systems Architect and lead systems engineer at Aspen Consulting Group. He focuses on the development and use of open architectures for both space and nonspace applications. Prior to this, Patrick was an Open Systems Architect and Systems Engineer at L3Harris. Previously he was a lead hardware engineer at PMA-209 NAVAIR, where he focused on the development of the Hardware Open Systems Technology (HOST) set of standards. His first assignment was as a senior electrical research engineer with the Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate. While at AFRL, he founded the Next Generation Space Interconnect Standard (NGSIS) with Raphael Some (NASA JPL). Patrick also founded and is currently chair for the VITA 78 (SpaceVPX) and VITA 78.1 (SpaceVPXLite) efforts. He is also a cofounder of the Sensor Open System Architecture (SOSA) and chair of its Hardware Working Group. Additionally, he was a lead for the Space Universal Modular Architecture (SUMO), where he worked to incorporate existing space-related standards and architectures into SUMO.

Michael Walmsley, global product manager for TE Connectivity, has more than 40 years of experience with interconnects, primarily in engineering and product manage­ment roles. His areas of expertise include interconnect solutions for embedding computing, rugged high-speed board-level, and RF connectors. Michael is a board member for the VITA Standards Organization (www.vita.org), which drives technology and standards for the bus and board industry. He is also actively involved in both VITA and Sensor Open System Architecture (SOSA). Michael holds a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Rochester and an MBA from Penn State.

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Karine Jean-Pierre shredded after dodges on Biden classified documents: 'Not qualified for this job''

White House press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre was lambasted for her latest press conference where she tried to avoid answering questions about President Biden’s purported mishandling of classified documents.

One reporter grilled Jean-Pierre about documents being found at his Delaware home, asking if more searches are underway.

“We have addressed multiple questions from here. Multiple questions have been answered by the president,” Jean-Pierre responded. “I’m just going to continue to be prudent here. I’m going to let this ongoing review that is happening, this legal process that is happening, and let that process continue under the special counsel.”

“I’m not going to comment from here,” she added, saying the Biden administration has made a habit of staying quiet on Justice Department matters.

WH PRESS SECRETARY GRILLED ON CLASSIFIED DOCUMENTS SEARCH

WASHINGTON, DC - JANUARY 12: White House Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre speaks during a press briefing at the White House on January 12, 2023 in Washington, DC. Jean-Pierre spoke on the classified documents found at President Biden's home in Wilmington, Delaware. (Photo by Kevin Dietsch/Getty Images) 

WASHINGTON, DC – JANUARY 12: White House Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre speaks during a press briefing at the White House on January 12, 2023 in Washington, DC. Jean-Pierre spoke on the classified documents found at President Biden’s home in Wilmington, Delaware. (Photo by Kevin Dietsch/Getty Images) 
(Kevin Dietsch/Getty Images)

Following the presser, Fox News contributor Joe Concha said the Biden classified documents scandal has exposed Jean-Pierre as not being fit for her role.

“Karine Jean-Pierre has shown that she is not qualified for this job at this level. We’ve seen that now over the last couple of months, because she keeps saying over and over again — as if she’s almost programmed, like she has no ability to think extemporaneously — that the president ‘takes these documents very seriously’,” he said Tuesday on “The Story.”

“In one press conference, she’s literally said that line 17 times. And at the same time, she talks about how transparent the administration has been with the public – while not answering questions.”

Of the lack of official visitor logs for Biden’s Greenville, Del. estate and his Rehoboth Beach, Del., vacation home, Concha said Rehoboth isn’t supposed to be a “Jersey Shore beach house rented out by 20-somethings” but instead a frequent domicile of the president.

PRESIDENT BIDEN IGNORES QUESTION ON WHY CLASSIFIED DOCUMENTS WERE FOUND AT HIS THINK TANK

“You’re telling me there isn’t one person that took a log of who was going in and out to see the sitting president of the United States? I have a very hard time believing that,” he said.

Borrowing a critique of President Richard Nixon’s Watergate scandal, Concha concluded that the issue is often “not the crime – it’s the cover-up.”

He also questioned reports about Hunter Biden, reportedly listing his father’s private residence as his address on his own residency forms, given the allegations about his foreign business dealings.

Former New York federal prosecutor Andrew McCarthy agreed that Jean-Pierre has not helped the president’s situation, telling “The Story” that every time the press secretary speaks, “she’s actually making [the situation] worse.”

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“Biden’s first thing was, I don’t know how they got there. Right. Well, he knows they’re there now. And what is their arrangement? They’re having people who don’t have security clearances do the search,” McCarthy said.

McCarthy questioned what intermediate steps there were in the handling of the classified documents between the end of the Obama-Biden administration and late 2022 when they were found in locations tied to Biden in New Castle County, Del., and Washington, D.C.

Fox News’ Anders Hagstrom contributed to this report.

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What we know about ex-GOP candidate arrested in connection with shootings at homes of New Mexico Democrats



CNN
 — 

An unsuccessful Republican candidate for state office in New Mexico who attributed his defeat to a “rigged” election is accused of masterminding a series of shootings targeting the homes of elected Democrats.

Solomon Peña, who lost his 2022 run for state House District 14, was arrested Monday by Albuquerque police for allegedly paying and conspiring with four men to shoot at the homes of two state legislators and two county commissioners in December and January, authorities said. No one was injured but investigators said Peña intended to cause serious injury or death.

Gunshots were fired into the homes of Bernalillo County Commissioner Adriann Barboa on December 4; incoming state House Speaker Javier Martinez on December 8; then-Bernalillo Commissioner Debbie O’Malley on December 11; and state Sen. Linda Lopez on January 3, according to police.

CNN has reached out to Peña’s campaign website for comment and has been unable to identify his attorney.

Here’s what we know about Peña:

After losing the November election and before the recent shootings, Peña approached a legislator and some county commissioners at their homes, uninvited, with paperwork he claimed showed fraud was committed in the vote, according to police.

Barboa was one of those officials. Shots were later fired at her home on December 4, police said.

“He came to my house after the election. … He was saying that the elections were fake … really speaking erratically. I didn’t feel threatened at the time, but I did feel like he was erratic,” Barboa told “CNN This Morning” on Tuesday.

Peña lost his race to Democratic state Rep. Miguel Garcia 26% to 74%. A week later he tweeted he “never conceded” the race and was researching his options.

In the mid-November tweet, Peña mentioned former President Donald Trump, whose falsehoods about election results, principally among Republicans and usually without proof, have exploded nationwide since he lost his reelection bid and began propagating lies about the theft of the 2020 presidential election.

The false claims of electoral fraud have stoked anger – and unapologetic threats of violence – against public officials down to the local level.

“Trump just announced for 2024,” Peña tweeted. “I stand with him.”

On December 12, Peña responded to a tweet posted by current House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries, a Democrat, who wrote, “Violent insurrectionists and extreme MAGA republicans are melting down over repeated election losses. So they accuse Dems of undermining democracy. Get lost.”

“I disagree,” Peña tweeted. “New Mexico elections are absolutely rigged. And we will pursue justice.”

On January 2 and again on January 9, Peña reiterated his election denial and fraud claims, tweeting that he “will fight it until the day I die” and vowing “MAGA nation 4ever!”

Peña faces charges stemming from the four separate shootings.

On December 4, shots were fired at Barboa’s home.

Barboa said she discovered evidence of the gunshots after returning from Christmas shopping.

“It was terrifying. My house had four shots through the front door and windows, where just hours before my grandbaby and I were playing in the living room,” Barboa said in a statement.

“Processing this attack continues to be incredibly heavy, especially knowing that other women and people of color elected officials, with children and grandbabies, were targeted.”

Barboa said she is grateful for an arrest in the case, she told “CNN This Morning” on Tuesday.

“I’m relieved to hear that people won’t be targeted in this way by him any longer,” she said.

On December 8, a shooting was reported at the home of Martinez.

“I deeply appreciate our Albuquerque Police Department for their hard work throughout the investigation into these shootings targeting elected officials. I am grateful a suspect is in custody, and I trust our justice system will hold those responsible accountable,” Martinez said in a statement.

“We have seen far too much political violence lately and all of these events are powerful reminders that stirring up fear, heightening tensions, and stoking hatred can have devastating consequences.”

O’Malley’s home was targeted on December 11.

“I am very relieved – and so is my family. I’m very appreciative of the work the police did,” O’Malley told CNN on Monday evening.

O’Malley and her husband were asleep when more than a dozen shots were fired at her home in Albuquerque on December 11, she said.

O’Malley called the police to say the adobe fencing at her home had been damaged by gunfire. While police were investigating, O’Malley mentioned Peña had come to her home a day or two before the incident complaining about the recent election results, the affidavit said.

Ring doorbell camera video shows Peña looking for Debbie O'Malley at an address where she used to live.

Ring doorbell camera footage recorded at O’Malley’s previous residence and obtained by CNN showed Peña outside the door and knocking, holding documents in his hands.

The current resident spoke to him through the camera’s speaker feature, telling him O’Malley no longer lived at that residence and directing him to her new home.

On January 3, Lopez’s home was hit, according to police. At least eight shots were fired at the southwest Albuquerque residence. Police said Peña pulled the trigger on one of the firearms.

“Myself and my children were awakened by some loud noises. Initially, I thought they were fireworks,” Lopez told CNN affiliate KOAT. “It’s very scary. You know, as a mom, it’s something you never want to experience.”

Three shots entered her daughter’s bedroom and two were fired into Lopez’s bedroom, KOAT reported.

Lopez told police she “heard loud bangs but dismissed them as fireworks at the time,” according to the arrest warrant affidavit for Peña.

Lopez’s daughter thought a spider was crawling on her face and sand was in her bed, the state senator told police. Officers found “sheetrock dust was blown onto Linda’s daughter’s face and bed resulting from firearm projectile(s) passing inside her bedroom overhead,” according to the affidavit.

Investigators found evidence “Peña himself went on this shooting and actually pulled the trigger on at least one of the firearms that was used,” Albuquerque police Deputy Cmdr. Kyle Hartsock said.

Albuquerque police released a photo of a "tan and black Glock with a drum magazine" that the affidavit said matches one of the guns seized from the suspect during a traffic stop.

But an AR handgun he tried to use malfunctioned. More than a dozen rounds were fired by another shooter with a separate handgun, according to police.

Shell casings at Lopez’s home matched a handgun confiscated from a silver Nissan Maxima involved in a traffic stop about 40 minutes after the shooting and about 4 miles from the residence, police said.

The Maxima was registered to Peña, though Peña was not driving it when it was stopped, police said.

During the fall campaign, Peña’s opponent, Democratic state Rep. Miguel Garcia, sued to have Peña removed from the ballot, arguing Peña’s status as an ex-felon should have prevented him from running for public office in the state, CNN affiliate KOAT reported.

Peña served nearly seven years in prison after a 2008 conviction for stealing a large volume of goods in a “smash and grab scheme,” the KOAT report said.

“You can’t hide from your own history,” Peña told the outlet in September. “I had nothing more than a desire to improve my lot in life.”

The Second Judicial District Court in Bernalillo County in September cleared Peña to run for office partly because the state constitution allows a felon to vote.

“In other words, our State Constitution provides that if a convicted felon is qualified to vote by satisfying any statutory requirements to be able to vote, that person is also qualified to hold public office,” court documents said.

Peña was arrested by Albuquerque police on Monday.

“It is believed he is the mastermind” behind the shootings, Albuquerque Police Chief Harold Medina told reporters, referring to the suspect.

An investigation confirmed “these shootings were indeed politically motivated,” Albuquerque Mayor Tim Keller said Monday.

“At the end of the day, this was about a right-wing radical, an election denier who was arrested today and someone who did the worst imaginable thing you can do when you have a political disagreement, which is turn that to violence,” said Keller, a Democrat. “We know we don’t always agree with our elected officials, but that should never, ever lead to violence.”

Police are still investigating whether those suspected of carrying out the shootings were “even aware of who these targets were or if they were just conducting shootings,” according to Hartsock.

Firearm evidence, surveillance video, cell phone and electronic records and witnesses in and around the conspiracy aided the investigation and helped officials connect five people to the alleged conspiracy, Hartsock said.

“After the election in November, Solomon Peña reached out and contracted someone for an amount of cash money to commit at least two of these shootings. The addresses of the shootings were communicated over phone,” Hartsock said Monday, citing the investigation. “Within hours, in one case, the shooting took place at the lawmaker’s home.”

Detectives served search warrants Monday at Peña’s apartment and the home of two men allegedly paid by Peña, according to police.

“Solomon provided firearms and cash payments and personally participated in at least one shooting,” the arrest affidavit said. “Solomon intended to (cause) serious injury or cause death to occupants inside their homes.”

Officers arrested Peña on suspicion of “helping orchestrate and participate in these four shootings, either at his request or he conducted them personally, himself,” Hartsock added.

Peña is being held on preliminary charges of felon in possession of a firearm; attempted aggravated battery with a deadly weapon; criminal solicitation; and four counts each of shooting at an occupied dwelling, shooting at or from a motor vehicle, and conspiracy, according to a warrant.

Police said last week they had a suspect in custody and had obtained a firearm connected to one of the shootings. A car driven at one of the shooting scenes was registered to Peña, according to police.

Charges are expected to be filed against the other men who participated in the shootings, police said.

One conspirator initially instructed shooters “to aim above the windows to avoid striking anyone inside,” the affidavit said, citing a confidential witness with knowledge of the alleged conspiracy.

But Peña eventually wanted the shooters to be “more aggressive,” according to the affidavit, citing the confidential witness.

Peña “wanted them to aim lower and shoot around 8 p.m. because occupants would more likely not be laying down,” said the affidavit, citing the confidential witness.


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