Simple nasal swab finds sneaky viruses other tests miss

Testing for the presence of a single immune system molecule on nasal swabs can help detect stealthy viruses not identified in standard tests, a new study shows.

As the COVID-19 pandemic showed, potentially dangerous new viruses can begin to spread in the population well before the global public health surveillance system can detect them.

“Finding a dangerous new virus is like searching for a needle in a haystack,” says Ellen Foxman, associate professor of laboratory medicine and immunobiology at Yale University and senior author of the study in The Lancet Microbe. “We found a way to significantly reduce the size of the haystack.”

Public health officials typically look to a few sources for warning signs of emerging disease. They study emerging viruses in animals that may transmit the infection to humans.

But determining which of the hundreds, or thousands, of new viral variants represent a true danger is difficult. And they look for outbreaks of unexplained respiratory ailments, which was how SARS-Cov-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, was discovered in China late in 2019.

By the time an outbreak of a novel virus occurs, however, it may be too late to contain its spread.

For the new study, Foxman and her team revisited an observation made in her lab in 2017, which they thought may provide a new way to monitor for unexpected pathogens.

Nasal swabs are commonly taken from patients with suspected respiratory infections and are tested to detect specific signatures of 10 to 15 known viruses. Most tests come back negative.

But as Foxman’s team observed in 2017, in a few cases the swabs of those who tested negative for the “usual suspect” viruses still exhibited signs that antiviral defenses were activated, indicating the presence of a virus. The telltale sign was a high level of a single antiviral protein made by the cells that line the nasal passages.

Based on that finding, the researchers applied comprehensive genetic sequencing methods to old samples containing the protein and, in one sample, found an unexpected influenza virus, called influenza C.

The researchers also used this same strategy of retesting old samples to search for missed cases of COVID-19 during the first two weeks of March 2020. While cases of the virus had surfaced in New York State around that same time, testing was not readily available until weeks later.

Hundreds of nasal swab samples collected from patients at Yale-New Haven Hospital during that time had tested negative for standard signature viruses. When tested for the immune system biomarker, the vast majority of those samples showed no trace of activity of the antiviral defense system. But a few did; among those, the team found four cases of COVID-19 that had gone undiagnosed at the time.

The findings reveal that testing for an antiviral protein made by the body, even if the tests for known respiratory viruses are negative, can help pinpoint which nasal swabs are more likely to contain unexpected viruses.

Specifically, screening for the biomarker can allow researchers to narrow down the search for unexpected pathogens, making it feasible to do surveillance for unexpected viruses using swabs collected during routine patient care.

Samples found to possess the biomarker can be analyzed using more complex genetic testing methods to identify unexpected or emerging pathogens circulating in the patient population and jumpstart a response from the health care community.

Yale’s Nagarjuna R. Cheemarla and Jason Bishai are co-lead authors of the paper, as are former Yale researchers Amelia Hanron and Joseph R. Fauver.

Source: Yale University

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GOP deadlocked over House speaker vote

(Andrew Harnik/AP)
(Andrew Harnik/AP)

Kevin McCarthy suffered yet another stinging defeat on Wednesday as he lost in the sixth round of voting to elect a speaker — a major blow that increasingly imperils his bid and heightens uncertainty over whether he can still secure the gavel or if a viable candidate will emerge as an alternative. 

The House voted Wednesday evening to adjourn until 12 p.m. ET on Thursday as Republicans scramble to find a path forward. 

The House GOP majority has been stuck at a contentious stalemate amid opposition to McCarthy from a group of conservatives. The fight, which began on the first day of the 118th Congress, has thrown the new House GOP majority into chaos and undercut the party’s agenda.

The House will continue to be paralyzed until this standoff is resolved. The situation has grown dire for McCarthy’s political future as Republican allies are beginning to fear that the House GOP leader may not be able to pull off his gamble for speaker if the fight goes much longer.

It’s not at all clear whether McCarthy and his allies will be able to lock down the votes — and the longer the fight drags on, the more imperiled his speakership bid has become. But there were signs Wednesday that negotiations are progressing. 

Last-minute deal-making: After a series of failed speaker votes earlier in the day, the House adjourned for several hours as Republicans continued talks. 

Texas Rep. Chip Roy, one of the conservatives who has voted against McCarthy’s speakership bid, told GOP leaders that he thinks he can get 10 holdouts to come along if these ongoing negotiations pan out, according to GOP sources familiar with the internal discussions, and that there are additional detractors who may be willing to vote “present.”

Sources said the talks Wednesday between McCarthy allies and holdouts have been the most productive and serious ones to date. And in one sign of a breakthrough, a McCarthy-aligned super PAC agreed to not play in open Republican primaries in safe seats — one of the big demands that conservatives had asked for but that McCarthy had resisted until this point.

Still, even if these negotiations prove successful and 10 lawmakers do flip to McCarthy’s column — which is far from certain — that doesn’t get McCarthy to the 218 votes to win the speakership, so he would still have more work to do.

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Migrants Crowd Mexico’s Refugee Offices Amid Fears of US Policy Change

USA – Voice of America 

Thousands of migrants have flocked to government offices in southern Mexico seeking asylum since the United States said it would keep restrictions used to quickly expel hundreds of thousands of migrants who have crossed the U.S.-Mexico border. 

Last month, the U.S. Supreme Court said it would maintain a pandemic-era measure for expediting expulsions of undocumented migrants to Mexico until it had time to consider Republican arguments against its repeal, which U.S. President Joe Biden said could extend the curbs until at least June.  

Meanwhile, Biden administration officials told Reuters the measure known as Title 42 could soon be applied to more nationalities, including Cubans, Nicaraguans and Haitians, stirring fears of expulsions and encouraging migrants to seek asylum to safeguard freedom of movement inside Mexico, analysts and officials say. 

Cuban migrant German Ortiz, who is waiting to apply for asylum in the Mexican city of Tapachula near the Guatemalan border, wants to make his way quickly to the United States. 

“Once the new law is enforced, they’ll close the road to us,” said Ortiz, who arrived in Tapachula on December 31. “We don’t want to risk it, we must get to the border now.” 

Up to 5,000 in two days

Mexico currently accepts only certain nationalities expelled from the United States, but it is expected to take in more soon under Title 42 as Washington deals with a record 2.2 million migrants arrests at the U.S. southwest border in 2022.  

Title 42 was originally put in place to curb the spread of COVID, but U.S. health authorities have since said it is no longer needed for public health reasons. Immigrant advocates say the policy is inhumane and it exposes vulnerable migrants to serious risks, like kidnapping or assault, in Mexican border towns. 

Andres Ramirez, head of Mexico’s Commission for Refugee Assistance, estimated that up to 5,000 migrants turned up at the Tapachula offices of the commission — known as COMAR — on January 2 and 3, among the largest groups the agency has ever seen in such a short time. Many of the migrants included Haitians and Nicaraguans. 

Ramirez said many migrants seek asylum to obtain documents they believe are necessary to traverse Mexico so they can then go to the U.S.-Mexico border later. Mexico has sought to contain mass movement of migrants toward the U.S. border by breaking up caravans and setting up checkpoints throughout the country. 

Ramirez believed the mass of recent arrivals could be migrants from Cuba, Nicaragua and Haiti seeking to reach the United States before rules change. 

“They’re trying to run,” he said. 

Migration on agenda

Police in Tapachula and the National Guard erected fences around COMAR offices to block large crowds of migrants, Reuters images show. 

“I’ve been sleeping here since January 1, waiting for them to help me, to give me shelter,” said Mauricio Hilario, a 27-year-old Salvadoran migrant camping outside the COMAR building with dozens of other people, including small children. 

Nearly 400,000 migrants were detained in Mexico through November, twice as many as in 2019, official data show. 

Migration is expected to feature prominently on the agenda when U.S. President Joe Biden meets his Mexican and Canadian counterparts for a leaders’ summit next week in Mexico City. 

Lorena Mena, director of Continente Movil, a think tank specializing in migration issues, said any expansion of Title 42 would likely increase risky migration because traffickers will encourage expelled migrants to keep crossing the border as they have not been officially deported. 

“The fact that people cross borders does not take away their rights, among them, to request asylum,” she added, saying many will try again. 

Some migrants, such as Raquel, a 44-year-old Venezuelan who was selling boiled eggs with salt to pay for a small, shared room in Tapachula, expressed hope the summit could yield a plan that will make it easier to reach the United States. 

“I’d like both countries to help us and give us a chance to get in … legally without having to risk crossing Mexico or turning ourselves in,” she said. 

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Catholics in the US unite to mourn Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI

The death of a pope is a unique circumstance in the Catholic Church. The death of Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI, the first pope in modern history to resign his position before his passing, is even more so.

As Catholics around the world prepare for his funeral and burial, Catholics in the United States are turning to a special set of prayers and displays of mourning that are reserved specifically for the death of one of the most important leaders in their faith.

The Catholic Church has pretty clear rules for what to do when a pope dies. However, Benedict XVI resigned in 2013 and was succeeded by the current pontiff, Pope Francis. Benedict was the first pope to resign from his position in more than 600 years, and that gave him a special status known as Pope Emeritus – essentially, a retired pope.

(FILES) This file picture taken on December 29, 2012, in St.Peter's square at the Vatican shows Pope Benedict XVI saluting as he arrives to the ecumenical christian community of Taize during their European meeting. Pope Benedict XVI on February 11, 2013 announced he will resign on February 28, a Vatican spokesman told AFP, which will make him the first pope to do so in centuries. AFP PHOTO / FILES / ALBERTO PIZZOLI        (Photo credit should read ALBERTO PIZZOLI/AFP via Getty Images)

Pope Benedict XVI did something no Pope had done in 600 years

In light of this unusual circumstance, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops released a set of guidelines that clarified what Catholic leaders and churches are supposed to do.

“Unless the Holy See itself specifies otherwise, the presumption is that the customary prayers and practices observed at the death of a Pope should take place,” the guidelines read. So far, the Holy See – which refers to the current Pope Francis’ role as Bishop of Rome, has not given any special guidance.

Jo Ann Zuñiga, a representative of the Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston, confirmed to CNN that its leadership is treating the event as they would the death of any other pope, and that the USCCB holds the ultimate guidance on the matter.

“The only difference is that there is, of course, no need to elect a new pontiff in this case,” she said.

An example of a rosary sometimes held during Catholic prayer.

The USCCB and other Catholic leaders have recommended several prayers, protocols and types of services that Catholic worshipers can participate in around the time of Benedict XVI’s funeral.

Prayers: Upon his death, the leadership body called for common Catholic prayers like the Our Father, Hail Mary, and Glory Be to the Father, as well as the Recitation of the Rosary – a prayer that is typically said while holding a rosary, a piece of religious jewelry.

Tributes: “Churches may display a portrait of the late Holy Father with black bunting and church bells may be tolled,” the guidance reads. “Priests are essentially captains of their own ship, so it is up to them as to what services they hold and what else they choose to do in (Benedict XVI’s) memory,” says Zuñiga. On social media, priests have been sharing photos of memorials within their parishes, all bearing some likeness of the late pontiff, surrounded by black shrouds, candles or flowers. At St. Anne’s Shrine in Fall River, Massachusetts, on the day of Benedict XVI’s death, bells tolled 95 times in a row: One for each year of his life.

Special services: Benedict XVI’s funeral will be held on Thursday, January 5 in the Vatican. Given time differences, bishops and archbishops (who act as leaders for church regions, known as dioceses) are encouraging Catholic priests to hold special memorials for Benedict on or around the date of his funeral. There are specific forms of worship, called liturgies, that priests can use for such an occasion.

Special vestments: In many Christian denominations, the color of the vestments worn by church leaders correspond to the time in the liturgical season, or reflect a special event. The UCCSB has recommended priests wear red vestments for any mass specifically honoring Benedict XVI.

“It is customary for red vestments to be worn at a Mass for the Dead offered for a Pope since we are mourning the death of the successor of the Apostle Peter,” their guidance reads.

The tradition of red as the mourning color for a pope has its roots in ancient Byzantine funeral practices.

Nine days of mourning: After the death of a Pope, the Catholic Church observes an ancient ritual known as the “novemdiales,” which calls for nine days of mourning. Why nine? The Novena, a related type of Catholic prayer or supplication, is based on the biblical account of the days following Jesus’ death and ascension, during which his mother Mary and others prayed for nine days. Interestingly enough, the number shows up in related traditions as well: In Judaism, The Nine Days refer to an annual period of mourning and fasting. In Ancient Rome, mourning for the dead traditionally lasted nine days.

Before the Pope Emeritus’ death, there was some uncertainty as to whether the Catholic version of the ritual would be observed, since he was not a sitting pope. However, the UCCSB has confirmed that Catholic leaders in the US will observe it with calls for prayer and events like lectures and community service endeavors.

Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI, then Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, wore red vestments as he presided over the funeral mass of Pope John Paul II in 2005.

Archbishops across the country have announced special memorial services for Pope Emeritus Benedict in the days around his funeral in the Vatican. In Chicago, which is home to one of the largest Catholic populations in the country, the Archdiocese is holding memorial masses in each of the area’s six sub-regions. About 40% of US Catholics are Hispanic, according to a 2014 study. Many memorial events, like an English and Spanish language rosary vigil held by two bishops in the Dallas area, reflect this important facet of the faith.

The Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston said their archbishop, Daniel Cardinal DiNardo, will help celebrate Benedict XVI’s memorial mass in person. The “Cardinal” in DiNardo’s name refers to his status as a cardinal in the Catholic Church, one of the highest ranks of clergy and one that carries international weight. Cardinals assist the Pope with church duties from their home countries, and have the power to elect a new Pope.

For those who can’t make a mass, or want to be as close to the proceedings in Rome as possible, various Catholic outlets are live-streaming the Vatican mass, broadcasting it over the radio, and running repeat cable presentations to lessen the burden of the mass’ 9:30 a.m. start time – which translates to 3:30 a.m. ET.


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5 ways the GOP battle over House Speaker could end — with or without Kevin McCarthy prevailing

Business Insider 

House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy of California.

Rep. Kevin McCarthy has lost six rounds of voting for House Speaker as of Wednesday night.
But McCarthy — or the 20 Republican holdouts — don’t appear close to conceding.
Here are five ways the battle for House Speaker could potentially end.

The battle for speaker in the new Republican-controlled US House of Representatives was set to drag out into a third day after the chamber adjourned on Wednesday evening.

About 20 Republicans have held out from supporting Rep. Kevin McCarthy, who failed to win a majority after six rounds of voting. The GOP’s slim majority in the House means McCarthy needs the support of nearly all Republicans to become speaker.

But the group of Republicans protesting McCarthy doesn’t appear to be giving in, and how exactly the whole ordeal will end is up in the air.

“If you can imagine a scenario where both sides are able to claim victory, that’s the one you’d probably put your chips on,” Kevin Kosar, a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute who studies Congress and US politics, told Insider. “But it’s not clear what that looks like.”

Here are five potential ways the battle for House Speaker could end, with or without McCarthy assuming the position.

McCarthy gives GOP holdouts what they want

The group of lawmakers opposing McCarthy has made a number of demands that they would like to see in the new Congress, including rules changes that would give more power to individual members.

McCarthy tentatively agreed to some, including expanding the rights of members to “motion to vacate the chair,” which would essentially allow a handful of members to force a chamber-wide “no confidence” vote for the speaker. But some Republicans want the motion to be expanded even further to allow one member to force such a vote, as was the case before House Speaker Nancy Pelosi weakened the motion in 2019.

It’s unclear what other concessions McCarthy could make to shore up support from those opposing him. But some, including Rep. Matt Gaetz of Florida, have suggested there’s little McCarthy could do to earn their vote.

McCarthy bows out and a consensus speaker is selected

After six votes, McCarthy seems set on becoming speaker. But it’s possible the representative from California could withdraw if “he thinks he can’t win or he sees support eroding with additional votes,” Kosar said.

It’s unclear how long McCarthy would be willing to draw out the voting, but his support has dwindled slightly since the first vote on Tuesday when only 19 Republicans voted against him.

During the final vote on Wednesday, 20 Republicans voted for Rep. Byron Donalds.

McCarthy cuts a deal with Democrats

McCarthy could theoretically come to a deal with Democratic leadership in which some members of their party cross lines and support his bid for speaker. However, thus far Democrats have not signaled any willingness to step in.

When asked Wednesday if Democrats could intervene, Rep. Nancy Pelosi said: “This is a problem of their own making. This is called leadership. They should be able to work it out. Don’t put this at the Democrats’ doorstep.”

Cooperating with Democrats could also hurt McCarthy in the long run.

“The Freedom Caucus response will be, ‘Oh my God, Kevin McCarthy schemed with Democrats,'” Kosar said, adding the Democrats could also hold it over on McCarthy that they had to do him a favor because he couldn’t become speaker without them.

Members stop showing up as the vote drags on, lowering the majority threshold

McCarthy needs to win a majority of the present members’ votes in order to be elected speaker. That means if some members stop showing up, which becomes more likely the longer the voting drags on, he could potentially be elected speaker even without the support of his whole party.

House changes the rules to push McCarthy through

The House could also in theory change the rules of voting for speaker. For instance, McCarthy could make a motion to say that only a plurality is needed to become speaker, meaning whoever gets the most votes would become speaker even if they do not earn a majority of votes.

If such a motion passed, that could scare enough Republicans into backing McCarthy in order to avoid a Democrat becoming speaker. Rep. Hakeem Jeffries the House Minority Leader for the Democrats has consistently been getting 212 votes.

Kosar said such an outcome was “fanciful,” although technically possible.

Read the original article on Business Insider

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Hannity presses Boebert on Speaker chaos: ‘Is this a game show?’

Just In | The Hill 

Fox News host Sean Hannity repeatedly pressed Rep. Lauren Boebert (R-Col.) about her efforts to block Rep. Kevin McCarthy’s (R-Calif.) bid to claim the Speakership this week during a tense interview on his nightly program on Wednesday.

“Isn’t it time for you and your side to pack it in considering he [McCarthy] has over 200 [votes] and you have 20?” Hannity asked the Republican congresswoman.

“I understand the frustration. I promise you,” she replied.

“I’m not frustrated,” Hannity interrupted. “You didn’t answer my question.”

“There are more for us than against us,” Boebert continued.

It was the first back-and-forth in a sparring match between the widely watched conservative cable news host and the firebrand Republican congresswoman amid a chaotic race for the House Speakership that has consumed Washington this week.

As Boebert described her displeasure with McCarthy, Hannity pressed her repeatedly, asking, “Who do you want to be speaker of the House?”

“I am willing to have conversations with the Republican conference to come up with a consensus candidate,” she replied.

Later, after Boebert suggested she might nominate former President Trump, who has urged all Republicans to support McCarthy, Hannity scoffed, saying, “Is this a game show? Like we’re gonna pick [Rep.] Jim Jordan [R-Ohio] one day, Trump the other day?”

Boebert and a number of other hard-line Republicans have all week stood between McCarthy and the 218 votes he needs to secure the Speakership, claiming the Republican leader symbolizes what they have described as the political establishment in Washington, D.C.

McCarthy’s bid for the Speakership had failed in six votes as of Wednesday, and pressure is growing on Republicans to nominate a candidate for Speaker who can secure the 218 votes needed to claim the gavel.

Hannity, a supporter of Trump and McCarthy, warned his audience earlier this week that the ongoing Speaker drama is bad for the GOP and would distract from its agenda heading into the new Congress, whenever it is seated.

“If this fight goes on and on for day after day, week after week and the Republican agenda totally stalls out, you can forget about holding Biden accountable for pretty much anything,” Hannity said on Tuesday. “And the country will feel angry and frustrated and they will feel betrayed.”

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California Rep. Kevin McCarthy loses, gains as House speaker election drags on: ‘I voted present’

Latest & Breaking News on Fox News 

Two Republicans switched their vote away from Rep.-elect Kevin McCarthy on Tuesday and Wednesday.

McCarthy is facing serious headwinds in his bid to become House speaker, as he hasn’t gained a majority of votes in six rounds of voting.

Rep. -elect Victoria Spartz, R-Ind., voted for McCarthy previously, but voted “present” during the fourth, fifth, and sixth round of voting. 

In explaining her vote, Spartz said that no Republicans have the votes needed to become House speaker.

HOUSE SPEAKER VOTE DERBY THE ‘ANTI-GROUNDHOG DAY’ BECAUSE MCCARTHY’S PROSPECTS KEEP GETTING WORSE, CRITICS SAY

“We have a constitutional duty to elect the Speaker of the House, but we have to deliberate further as a Republican conference until we have enough votes and stop wasting everyone’s time. None of the Republican candidates have this number yet. That’s why I voted present after all votes were cast,” Spartz said on Wednesday afternoon.

On Wednesday evening, Spartz tweeted “Glad to see Kevin McCarthy having meetings with his opposition. We have to resolve it within our conference.”

LIVE BLOG: THE VOTE FOR HOUSE SPEAKER

“Stalemate is not an option,” she said.

Rep. Byron Donalds, R-Fla., flipped his vote on Tuesday and said that he wants “a resolution.

Donalds was later nominated for House speaker, and received 20 votes in the sixth round of voting. McCarthy received 201 votes, which is 17 votes shy of a majority.

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The McCarthy-aligned super PAC, the Congressional Leadership Fund, announced on Wednesday that it struck a deal with the Club for Growth in not backing some candidates in open-seat primaries that are safe.

 

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