Why Russia is so intent on capturing the town of Soledar



CNN
 — 

Russia said Friday its forces had captured Soledar, a salt mine town in eastern Ukraine, as Kyiv rejected the claims.

Should Russian troops indeed take the town, it would mark Moscow’s first gain in the Donbas for months – potentially offering President Vladimir Putin some welcome news after a recent string of humiliating setbacks on the battlefield.

The significance of Soledar in military terms is minimal and largely symbolic. However, its capture, if confirmed, would allow Russian forces, and especially the Wagner mercenary group, to turn their focus on nearby Bakhmut, which has been a target since the summer.

Taking Soledar would also represent a PR win for the man who runs Wagner – oligarch Yevgeny Prigozhin, who has frequently criticized the Russian Defense Ministry’s management of the “Special Military Operation” in Ukraine.

Here’s what you need to know about Soledar.

As has often been the case with battlefield gains and losses, there are conflicting reports from Russian and Ukrainian sides about the success of Russia’s advance into the town.

The Russian Defense Ministry said the capture of Soledar “became possible due to the constant destruction of the enemy by assault and army aviation, missile troops and artillery of a group of Russian forces.” 

“They continuously inflicted concentrated strikes on the positions of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the city, forbidding the transfer of reserves, the supply of ammunition, as well as attempts by the enemy to retreat to other lines of defense,” a statement read.

The Russian MOD made no reference to Wagner claims that the private military company had conducted the operation exclusively themselves.  

“The complex of measures implemented by the Russian group of troops ensured the successful offensive operations of the assault detachments to liberate Soledar. Over the past three days alone, more than 700 Ukrainian servicemen and over 300 units of weapons of the Armed Forces of Ukraine have been destroyed near the city of Soledar,” the ministry added.

Alexander Shatov, the head of the Russia-backed administration in Shakhtyorsk, in the self-proclaimed Donetsk People’s Republic, said Moscow’s forces had evacuated about 100 people from Soledar to the town. He told Russian state news agency RIA Novosti that 110 more people were expected to arrive Friday.

However, Serhii Cherevatyi, spokesman for the Eastern Group of the Ukrainian Armed Forces, told CNN that “Russian troops do not control Soledar.”

A Ukrainian solider stationed in the city of Bakhmut told CNN that Kyiv’s units are still at the “western outskirts” of Soledar.

Taras Berezovets, a captain in the Ukrainian Special Forces First Brigade, said remaining in Soledar made no military sense, because it was “completely destroyed.” He said he believed a decision to withdraw would be made in the coming days, but said it would be up to the General Staff to make any such decision. He added that morale among frontline units was high.

He said his comrades in other units understood that the mission was to hold on as long as they could and kill as many fighters of the Wagner group as possible, and that much of the fighting over the last two weeks had involved street fighting in Soledar between small units of four to eight fighters.

Berezovets said that Ukrainian forces continued to inflict heavy casualties on the Russians. He claimed that a captured Wagner fighter had told interrogators that only three out of 35 men in his platoon had survived.

He had no knowledge of any Ukrainian troops being trapped in Soledar and said units had been successfully withdrawn to the western outskirts, close to the railway station.

Ukrainian soldiers watch as smoke billows during fighting in Soledar on Wednesday.

A CNN team just outside of Soledar reported ongoing mortar and rocket fire on Friday afternoon, after Russia claimed it had captured the town.

Soledar lies at the center of the Donbas region, the vast expanse of eastern Ukraine whose capture Russia has prized above all other regions since last summer. Indeed, Moscow regards it as Russian territory since claiming (illegally) that it had annexed all of the Donetsk region – including the approximately 40% that lies outside Russian control.

It is just a few miles northeast of the larger city of Bakhmut, which has become perhaps the most contested and kinetic part of the 1,300-kilometer (800 mile) front line in Ukraine and the scene of some of the fiercest fighting of the war.

Soledar has therefore been a target for Russian forces since last May. With a pre-war population of about 10,000, it has little strategic value in itself, but is a waypoint in the Russians’ attritional slog westwards. Moscow has struggled for months to attack Bakhmut from the east, but were it to capture Soledar, Moscow would at least be able to approach the city from a different path.

The Russian Defense Ministry said Friday that the capture of the town is “important for the continuation of successful offensive operations in the Donetsk region.”

The ministry added that “establishing control over Soledar makes it possible to cut off the supply routes for Ukrainian troops in Bakhmut.”

The area around Soledar includes large salt mines, which belong to state enterprise Artemsil, the biggest producer of salt in Europe, which halted production shortly after Russia’s invasion last February. The area surrounding the town hosts “extensive reserves of very pure salt that have only been exploited on an industrial scale since 1881,” according to the European Route of Industrial Heritage.

Some have speculated that the Russians – and Wagner’s leader Prigozhin – have eyed Soledar for its huge resources of gypsum. Prigozhin has used Wagner in Africa and Syria as a mercenary force to leverage access to resources including diamonds and oil.

But exploiting Soledar’s famed salt mines would require heavy investment and a more tranquil environment than at present. Prigozhin has said the vast network of tunnels created by the mining offers “unique and historic defenses,” and a “network of underground cities.”

The Russian armed forces have had nothing to celebrate since the beginning of July, and have had to retreat in both Kharkiv to the north and Kherson in southern Ukraine.

The capture of Soledar, despite its now-ruined state, would therefore be rare progress. But it would be symbolic rather than substantive. The Institute for the Study of War (ISW) says control of Soledar “will not necessarily allow Russian forces to exert control over critical Ukrainian ground lines of communication into Bakhmut,” the larger prize.

“Even taking the most generous Russian claims at face value, the capture of Soledar would not portend an immediate encirclement of Bakhmut,” the think tank added.

But Soledar is of outsize significance to one man: Prigozhin. His Wagner fighters, many of them former prison inmates, have taken heavy casualties with one wave after another of ground assaults across what has become a battlefield of trenches and mud, reminiscent of World War I. After months in which the Russian Ministry of Defense has delivered nothing but retreat, Prigozhin is keen to show that his men deliver.

Late Tuesday, Prigozhin said “Wagner PMC detachments have taken control of the entire territory of Soledar. The city center is like a cauldron, where urban fighting is taking place.” And he added: “I would like to stress that no units other than Wagner PMC operatives were involved in the storming of Soledar.”

The subtext of Soledar is the battle for influence and resources between Prigozhin and his nemeses at the Defense Ministry, which is intensifying as Prigozhin continues to deride what he calls the corrupt and incompetent military hierarchy.

A top Ukrainian official on Friday characterized infighting among different factions of the Russian power establishment as a “good sign of the beginning of the stunning end.”

Mykhailo Podolyak, an adviser in the Office of the Ukrainian President, tweeted that a “public rumble” had begun between the Russian Defense Ministry and “military-criminal ultras” like Progozhin and General Sergei Surovikin.

Soledar holds more symbolic than strategic importance for Russia.

The Ukrainian tactic could be to invite wave after wave of infantry attacks, knowing they can inflict heavy casualties on the enemy, a tactic used with success in Vuhledar late last year. Ukraine’s command would then choose a moment to withdraw to Bakhmut.

Ukraine’s 46th Brigade alluded to this tactic in an online post on Tuesday, saying, “The situation is very difficult, but manageable: we only abandon what we consider inexpedient to keep.” Trying to hold Soledar – like trying to hold Lysychansk, the last holdout in the Luhansk region, last summer – becomes inexpedient when casualties rise and resupply becomes near impossible.

Ukraine has defense in depth throughout the parts of Donetsk it still holds – and has forced the Russians to expend huge amounts of munitions to make marginal progress.

This story has been updated.

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Black instructor at Black college deemed ‘anti-Black’ for asking that students not wear ‘durag', 'hoodies'

One Black college instructor’s dress code for the semester landed him in hot water on social media this week, with many users claiming his mandate to ban “hoodies,” “durags,” “twerk shorts,” and “coochie cutter shorts” was discriminatory against Black students. 

Last week, a snapshot of a computer science class syllabus from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University went viral on Twitter thanks to its attention grabbing dress code policy.

The computer science class instructor, a Black male whom Twitter allegedly identified as NCAT professor Derrick LeFlore, listed several items, including “Bonnets, Durag, Hoodies, Booty Shorts, Coochie Cutter Shorts, Twerk Shorts,” that were not to be worn in his class.

COLLEGE COURSE OFFERS COURSE TO STUDY SOCIETY’S ‘OBSESSION WITH THE DEATH OF WHITE WOMEN’

A Black male computer science class instructor at a North Carolina college was accused of mandating an "anti-Black" dress code last week.

A Black male computer science class instructor at a North Carolina college was accused of mandating an “anti-Black” dress code last week.
(James Sheppard/Future via Getty Images)

The syllabus declared these items “NOT appropriate.” Underneath the list, the instructor provided a bit of guidance for the policy, stating, “If you wear it to bed or the club, don’t wear it [to class].” (The rest of the guidance could not be read as the tweet did not contain the entire document.)

The list caused a stir on Twitter, with many users accusing the instructor of being “anti-Black.” The original account that posted the image asked, “GOT D****** HOODIES B****?!?!”

Another user replied, “This is givinggggg antiblack. imagine typing coochie cutters and twerk shorts INTO A SYLLABUS,” to which the original poster said, “NAH FRR (For real).”

One user commented, “very antiblack idk.”

Others were annoyed that clothing items as common as hoodies weren’t allowed in class. One asked, “Wait… this is a Comp Sci course? And you can’t wear a hoodie?   The default uniform for people who do careers in that s***?”

ETHNIC STUDIES SCHOOL ADMINSITRATOR ARGUED SOME JEWISH AMERICANS HAVE ‘CONTROL OF SYSTEMIC POWER’

Forbes.com claimed the instructor's hoodie policy could be seen as 'anti-Black' because the apparel has been referred to in a derogatory manner since the death of Trayvon Martin.

Forbes.com claimed the instructor’s hoodie policy could be seen as ‘anti-Black’ because the apparel has been referred to in a derogatory manner since the death of Trayvon Martin.
(AP )

Forbes.com, which reported on the incident, noted that “Forbidding Black students from wearing hoodies to class does signal some suspicion.” It added, “It is important to remember that hoodies became emblematic of certain negative assumptions in America about Black youth after the tragic murder of 17-year-old Trayvon Martin in 2012.”

Continuing to fuel the anti-Black allegations, the report added, “However, the negative connotation of wearing hoodies does not apply to white teenagers and young adults as much as it does to Black young people.”

Other users on Twitter were simply shocked by the language the instructor used to describe the inappropriate dress. A user wrote, “Imagine typing booty shorts, coochie cutter shorts, and twerk shorts on a syllabus and being fr I’m crime.”

Though some users pushed back on the idea of the dress code being anti-Black, claiming it’s just a policy to promote “decorum.” A user wrote, “How is it giving anti Black? A hoodie is one thing but you have to meet people where they are and speak their language. Making a dress code isn’t anti Black it’s establishing decorum.”

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Fox News Digital reached out to the computer science department at NCAT for a statement on the “anti-Black” accusations. It has yet to provide a response. 

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Inside Facebook's high-stakes debate to reinstate Trump after a two-year ban



CNN
 — 

Facebook-parent Meta is preparing to announce one of the most consequential decisions in the company’s history, a landmark move that will set a precedent for online speech and could affect the course of the 2024 US presidential election.

The decision, whether Meta should allow former President Donald Trump back on Facebook and Instagram, is being debated by a specially formed internal working group at the company, according to a person familiar with the deliberations. Meta spokesperson Andy Stone told CNN Wednesday the decision is set to be announced in the coming weeks.

Facebook and other social media platforms banned Trump in the aftermath of the January 6 attack. The bans were seen as necessary by tech executives, and indeed many on Capitol Hill, believing Trump could use its platforms to incite further violence.

But the unilateral decision on the part of companies like Facebook and Twitter troubled free speech advocates and other world leaders, who worried about the precedent it might set. The office of then German chancellor Angela Merkel called the bans “problematic,” and Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny described it as “an act of censorship.”

Now, two years later, Meta is contemplating giving Trump back his megaphone on Facebook and Instagram. The debate comes less than two months after Twitter restored Trump’s account, but Meta’s intention to reevaluate the decision predates Twitter’s reversal.

Facebook initially said its ban of Trump would be indefinite. But after a public consultation and deliberation with experts, the company announced in June 2021 that Trump’s ban would be reassessed in January 2023, two years after the initial decision.

Democratic lawmakers on Capitol Hill sent a letter to Meta last month urging the company to keep Trump off its platforms, arguing Trump continues to attack American democracy by repeating lies about the 2020 election. Republicans, free speech advocates, and others argue maintaining the ban is an undue act of censorship and could put Trump at a disadvantage as a 2024 candidate.

“It’s a judgment call,” acknowledges Katie Harbath, a former public policy director at Facebook. “It’s very important to recognize that both of these decisions are going to have a ton of impactful consequences. And it would be foolish to think that either way is an easy decision,” she told CNN.

Former president Donald Trump works on his phone during a roundtable at the State Dining Room of the White House June 18, 2020 in Washington, DC.

Harbath, who worked in Republican politics before joining Facebook, said while she believed it was the right decision for Facebook to suspend Trump in January 2021, she has struggled with the issue.

“In the lead up to that moment, I was still defending keeping him on the platform, because as horrible as some of the things were that he posted, I still just couldn’t get myself past the point that I thought that people deserve to know what the people that are representing them have to say,” she said.

But Harbath said she believes Trump should be allowed back on the platform with a stringent set of rules outlining how he could be suspended if he once again breaks the company’s policies.

“I don’t think it should take another January 6th level event in order to do that,” she said.

Harbath, now the CEO of Anchor Change, a tech policy consulting firm, has published a proposal for how Trump could return to the platform.

The dilemma Harbath outlines – allowing politicians to remain on social platforms even if they are breaking the platforms’ rules, and the belief that voters should be able to see the good, bad, and ugly, from politicians so they can be held to account – is something Silicon Valley executives like Meta founder Mark Zuckerberg and Twitter co-founder Jack Dorsey have long grappled with.

But others disagree, believing Trump’s reappearance on the platform could once again set the stage for a dangerous event.

Harbath’s former colleague Crystal Patterson, Facebook’s former head of global civic partnerships, said Trump should not be allowed back on the platform. Patterson, who previously worked in Democratic politics before joining Facebook, said Trump has shown he is willing to use the platform to cause harm.

“There’s been no shortage of hearing from him,” she said. “It’s not like because he hasn’t been on Facebook or Twitter that he’s had any trouble getting his message out or had any trouble making sure people know how he feels about things.”

01 Zuckerberg Trump SPLIT

Erin Schaff/Pool/Brendan Smialowski/AFP/Getty Images

Although Harbath’s and Patterson’s position on Trump’s possible return happen to match their political affiliations (Harbath points out that although she is a Republican she never voted for Trump), both cited past instances where they agreed with Facebook decisions that went against what their respective parties might have wanted. The former employees stressed how deliberative the decision-making was at Meta and that the company was always conscious of not appearing to put its finger on the scale to help or hinder one party — though leaders in both parties would probably argue they didn’t succeed.

The company has set up an internal working group with leaders from different parts of the organization, including Meta’s policy, communications, and content moderation teams, to help make the decision, according to a person familiar with the process.

In its deliberations, Meta said it is considering factors like “risks to public safety” and “imminent harm.”

Those parameters are too vague, said Nico Perrino, a free speech advocate and executive vice president at the civil liberties group Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression (FIRE).

“Determining who gets to speak or who gets to have an account on Facebook or any other social media platform based on the mood of the country is a policy or a prescription that is ripe for abuse,” Perrino told CNN. “I can’t think of what that rigorous standard would be that would make this policy be applied fairly, not just to former President Trump, but to any politician.”

A person familiar with Trump’s operation said the suspension of the former president’s Facebook page, which has more than 34 million followers, damaged his ability to find new donors, impacting his political movement and forcing him to use his Save America leadership PAC to run advertisements on the platform. Even those ads can’t be done in Trump’s voice, however.

“The advertising has been less efficient without his likeness,” this person said. Allowing Trump himself back on the platform “would allow him to communicate again with tens of millions of followers. It would allow him to prospect again for fundraising and lower his cost for fundraising overall.”

A current Trump adviser said the former president has never used Facebook in the way he used Twitter, which became his primary medium for communicating with his political base as president before he was removed from the platform in the wake of the January 6 attack. Still, this person said, the Trump campaign would leap at the opportunity to resume using his likeness in its Facebook advertisements.

“It is the most important vehicle for fundraising and for reaching a lot of people in the persuadable audience,” the adviser said.

The process Meta is undertaking – publishing detailed posts and policy documents transparently outlining how it plans to make the high-stakes decision – is in stark contrast to what is happening at Twitter.

In November, new Twitter owner Elon Musk restored Trump’s account after posting an unscientific poll of users on the platform. Trump, once arguably Twitter’s most influential user, has yet to post on the site since his account was restored.

A phone screen displays the Truth Social app in Washington, DC, on February 21, 2022.

But it may not be as simple as accepting Musk’s invitation. Trump now has his own rival social media platform, Truth Social, which he launched in February. While the platform initially saw a surge of interest from right-wing users, it has struggled to sustain that growth. Trump, by far the most-followed account on Truth Social, has fewer than 5 million followers on the platform, compared to almost 90 million on Twitter.

Despite his desire for a bigger megaphone and aides encouraging him to rejoin Twitter, Trump has said he is committed to Truth Social. Some in Trump’s orbit say he is bound by an exclusivity agreement with Trump Media and Technology Group (TMTG), the parent company of Truth Social, that could create legal trouble if he abandons his own social media platform for Twitter, Facebook, or an alternative.  

That agreement, which first appeared in a May filing to the Securities and Exchange Commission, was news to some of Trump’s senior aides who were left wondering why Trump didn’t jump at the opportunity to rejoin Twitter when Musk reinstated his account just before Thanksgiving, according to two people with knowledge of the matter.

The terms of the agreement require Trump to post first on Truth Social and wait at least six hours before sharing the same message to other social media platforms. There are exceptions, however, for posts related to “political messaging, political fundraising or get-out-the-vote efforts,” and it is unclear who would be responsible for enforcing the agreement – and whether they would be willing to – if Trump ever ran afoul of it.   

Advisers to Trump have pointed to the vague contract language as a potential loophole, particularly now that Trump has officially announced a third presidential run in 2024. Some in his orbit believe the language could open the door for him to claim that anything he posts counts as “political messaging” while he is an active presidential contender.  

“Ultimately, Trump is going to do what he wants to do,” said one source close to the former President. “He’ll figure out a way around any agreement.” 

Meta’s decision could act as a guidepost for other platforms that also suspended Trump in the wake of the January 6 attack, including Snapchat and YouTube. Those companies were already beginning to face pressure to reconsider their bans after Trump’s announced he’d seek reelection in 2024 and Musk gave him back his Twitter account.

Meta’s decision — regardless of where it comes down — could provide cover for other social media companies to make similar moves. 

“Usually these companies do fly in a flock and whoever makes the first movements, other companies do tend to try to, in succession, follow behind because the initial company takes the biggest media hit and then the rest of them don’t suffer the reputational hit of being the first technology company to make a decision,” said Joan Donovan, research director of the Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy. 

Because of the scale and influence of Facebook and Instagram, “whatever decision Meta comes to … will inevitably be influential,” said Paul Barrett, NYU law professor and deputy director of the Center for Business and Human Rights. “The more explicit and the more persuasive Meta’s explanation for whatever’s decision is, the more likely it is to influence others, which is all the more reason why it would be good for them to try to make a clear and helpful statement [about the decision].” 

More broadly, Meta’s decision about Trump — and any new policies it articulates to explain the decision — could impact how it and other platforms handle politicians and other influential figures going forward. In the wake of Meta’s landmark decision to remove Trump,  many followers of the company  questioned why the company hadn’t taken more serious actions against his earlier rule violations, and how it would apply its thinking on Trump to potential future violations by other world leaders.  

Meta has previously said that if Trump’s accounts are restored, he could once again have them revoked if he breaks the platforms’ rules. “When the suspension is eventually lifted, there will be a strict set of rapidly escalating sanctions that will be triggered if Mr. Trump commits further violations in future, up to and including permanent removal of his pages and accounts,” Nick Clegg, Meta’s president of global affairs, wrote in a blog post in 2021.

The rubric Meta could apply to Trump going forward — if his account is restored — would likely hinge on whether his actions reignite the possibility of physical violence, Clegg suggested at an event last fall in Washington. Trump likely would not face suspension for repeating false claims about election outcomes, he added.

“It’s not whether you say the truth or not, it’s whether what you say or do incites violence and can be clearly linked to developments in the real world which threaten real world harm,” Clegg said. “It’s not about truth or lies.

Now, the question will be whether that practice would be broadly applied to other leaders.  

“[Trump] is a newsworthy and historical figure that has not been convicted of any crime, and if Meta is dedicated to the same kind of free speech values that Twitter is, then they would likely let him back on,” Donovan said. “The big question is about network incitement … there’s no other technology in which a politician or political operative could incite such fervor as openly as they were able to do for January 6, and the technology hasn’t changed in any significant way that would prevent something like this from happening again.” 

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Numerous people visited Joe Biden's house while classified documents were stored in his Wilmington garage

President Biden’s longtime Wilmington, Delaware, residence has become a focal point of recent revelations that the classified documents were stored in the president’s garage, where numerous individuals have visited over the years.

The Wilmington files are the latest batch of Obama-era classified documents found among Biden’s personal possessions. The revelations came just three days after the White House confirmed the existence of similar classified material in the president’s office at the Penn Biden center in Washington, D.C.

On Thursday, Biden sparred with Fox News’ Peter Doocy when pressed on the whereabouts of the Wilmington files, confirming that classified documents, along with his Corvette, were stored in a locked garage.

“And by the way my Corvette is in a locked garage. It’s not like it’s sitting out in the street,” Biden added.

As speculation swirls over the Wilmington classified files, here is who might have had access to the garage in question.

MORE CLASSIFIED DOCUMENTS FOUND IN BIDEN’S DELAWARE GARAGE, WHITE HOUSE REVEALS

Hunter Biden

Though it is still unclear when the Obama-era classified files were placed in the president’s garage, Hunter Biden appeared to reside at his parent’s Wilmington home during 2018 and 2019 — two years after the Obama administration left the White House. 

Hunter Biden.

Hunter Biden.
(Kevin Lamarque)

A scan of Hunter Biden’s laptop files shows the president’s son was issued a Delaware license in May 2018, listing his father’s Wilmington home as his primary residence, the Washington Free Beacon first reported.  

The scandal-embroiled Hunter Biden also appeared to change his banking address to the Wilmington home in December 2018, as well as listing the address in the billing information for several purchases throughout 2019, Fox News reported.

Hunter Biden may have accessed his father’s garage while Biden was serving out his second term as vice president. 

In October 2016, Biden appeared on the premiere of “Jay Leno’s Garage,” a YouTube series where television personality Jay Leno teams up with celebrities to chat cars. Then-Vice President Biden suggested that his two sons accessed the garage at least once when upgrading the engine of his prized 1967 Chevrolet Corvette. 

“My two sons, Beau, who passed away, and my son Hunter decided as a Christmas gift to have the engine rebuilt for me,” Biden told Leno.

EMAILS SUGGEST HUNTER BIDEN HAD ACCESS TO GARAGE WHERE PRESIDENT KEPT CLASSIFIED DOCS, CORVETTE

Biden’s presidential and campaign staff

With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, Biden converted the basement of his Wilmington residence into a de facto campaign headquarters in March 2020. 

Biden frequently hosted virtual events from his residence long after then-President Trump resumed in-person rallies and fundraisers on the 2020 campaign trail. 

As president, Biden has continued to spend considerable time in his home state, staying in Delaware approximately 194 days so far in his first term, either at his Wilmington or Rehoboth Beach residences, according to an Associated Press tally. 

On these weekend visits, the president is typically accompanied by a full security detail and his top aides. 

President Biden converted his Wilmington basement into a de facto campaign headquarter with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

President Biden converted his Wilmington basement into a de facto campaign headquarter with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.
(Biden for President)

Though Biden confirmed his garage is locked, it is unclear whether this area of the residence is off limits for use by his staff or if staff could have accessed the garage from inside the house. 

Many questions remain unanswered on the exact whereabouts of the classified files, when they were placed in the garage and who might have had access outside of Biden’s family and staff.

Though Republicans continue to press the White House to release a visitor log of Biden’s Wilmington residence, it is unclear whether a log even exists, adding further obscurity to the situation. White House press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre also dodged questions on whether a visitor log would be made public.  

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“I’m going to get the chance to speak on all of this, God willing it’ll be soon,” Biden said Thursday.

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Style Guide: How to dress for the office

Contributors Illustrations by Leanza Abucayan

Fiona Sinclair Scott is CNN Style’s global editor. This is an edited version of an article published in 2022.

There’s a scene from the original incarnation of MTV’s aughts-era reality TV series “The Hills” in which main character Lauren Conrad has her outfit assessed by a fashion stylist within minutes of starting an internship at Teen Vogue. She wants to make sure she’s looking her best before meeting Lisa Love, who was the title’s editor-in-chief at the time, and so tweaks are made — “maybe just something to cover your shoulders,” suggests the stylist before giving her a jacket — before Conrad’s outfit is deemed suitable for her new workplace.

It’s a ludicrous moment and something that wouldn’t happen now, or even back then, in most offices. But if you’re about to start a new job and worried about what to wear, this guide — with input from four fashion insiders — should help you navigate the tricky business of dressing for work.

One caveat: If your sartorial energy is akin to Julia Roberts playing Erin Brockovich (“As long as I’ve got one ass instead of two, I’ll wear what I like if that’s all right with you”), you don’t need me or this guide, you need a high five. Keep it up.

Formalities out of the way, read on for everything you need to know about dressing for the office.

The green tip: Shop your wardrobe

When in a sartorial panic, there’s a tendency to solve it with a shopping spree. But as we all wise up to the impact of our consumption habits on the planet, consider this sustainable alternative: Get your hand out of your pocket and dig deep inside your wardrobe instead.

“It’s a first step,” said Los Angeles-based stylist Cassandra Dittmer, who suggests you figure out what you have, what you love, what needs repair and what you might want to pass on. “Hopefully (you’ll) uncover some hidden gems.”

“At the end of the process, you should feel a deeper connection to your wardrobe, find the gaps that need filling and give yourself a great basis to work from each day when putting your outfits together with ease.”

I did this last month and rediscovered an old pair of trousers that I’m wearing again after re-dying them black. (Faded black jeans, trousers and sweaters really benefit from running them through a wash cycle with an at-home clothes dye capsule, such as the kind made by Dylon).

“Buy clothes that fit you across your widest part and tailor the rest inward.”

Lauren Chan, model and founder of Henning

Model, size-inclusivity activist and Henning founder Lauren Chan.

Model, size-inclusivity activist and Henning founder Lauren Chan. Credit: Melodie Jeng/Getty Images

Bonus tip: If you live in a country with hot and cold seasons, pack your summer clothes away when fall arrives. You’ll be surprised by the aura of newness they take on when you retrieve them from storage months later.

Dittmer, who has built her styling business around eco-conscious values, suggests you may want to go further and channel your inner Cher Horowitz (à la the movie “Clueless”): “Document your looks and take pictures of outfits you love and feel most confident in. A convenient folder on your phone will make a quick and handy reference point when you are scrambling to pack for a work trip or getting ready in the morning.”

The basics: Polished comfort

There’s a way to dress comfortably without looking bedraggled, and with many employers loosening up on the rules, it’s a great time to try a polished but casual look.

Joanna Dai, who left her job in finance to start her own eponymous fashion brand, has noticed a trend away from overly formal office fashion conventions like formal suits and restrictive pencil skirts.

“In the new normal things have gotten more casual in office,” said Dai, noting that, as companies recognize the importance of well-being at work, many have adopted more relaxed dress codes that allow for jeans and sneakers or done away with dress codes altogether.

“Never underestimate the power of a good fit.”

Cassandra Ditter, Los Angeles-based stylist

Embracing more casual attire while also looking professional begins with understanding the importance of quality materials, fit and color.

“Never underestimate the power of a good fit,” Dittmer said. “I’m not talking expensive, Savile Row tailoring — but making sure your trousers are cut to the most flattering fit can be a huge improvement and make you feel really well put together. Most dry cleaners offer very accessible tailoring services.”

Model and the founder of size-inclusive fashion brand Henning, Lauren Chan, agreed a good tailor is important, adding, “Here’s a secret: Clothes aren’t actually meant to fit you. They’re built to fit an ‘average build’ which is — spoiler alert — no one. Buy clothes that fit you across your widest part (for me, it’s my waist) and tailor the rest inward.”

When it comes to materials, most linens, while beautiful, wrinkle easily and are not going to be your friend throughout an eight-hour day at a desk job. On the other hand, polyester is pretty wrinkle-resistant, but it’s a synthetic fabric that’s terrible for the planet and doesn’t breathe — putting you at risk of unsightly sweat patches and a guilty conscience. Check labels for organic and sustainably made cotton or new fabrics made with a high percentage of recycled materials.

Clockwise from left to right: White trouser menswear look courtesy Arket; Brown trouser menswear look courtesy Mr Porter; Layered blazer street style look via Getty Images; Yellow suit, Michael Kors, via Getty Images; Frame straight leg jeans courtesy Net-a-Porter; Red trouser look, Gabriela Hearst, via Getty Images; Slouchy street style look via Getty Images; Midi skirt look courtesy Dai.

Clockwise from left to right: White trouser menswear look courtesy Arket; Brown trouser menswear look courtesy Mr Porter; Layered blazer street style look via Getty Images; Yellow suit, Michael Kors, via Getty Images; Frame straight leg jeans courtesy Net-a-Porter; Red trouser look, Gabriela Hearst, via Getty Images; Slouchy street style look via Getty Images; Midi skirt look courtesy Dai.

Dai puts a lot of emphasis on what she calls “high-functioning” environmentally friendly materials, such as micromodal (made from the cellulose of natural beechwood trees in a closed-loop, carbon neutral process) or recycled polyamide (made from plastic waste like fishing nets and carpet). Many of the items in her lines are made from wrinkle-resistant, machine washable, stretch materials that are great for people with busy schedules who don’t have time to iron or make regular trips to the dry cleaner.

Olie Arnold, style director at menswear e-commerce site Mr Porter, suggests opting for unlined suits. “Go for suits and jackets which are unlined and deconstructed with a breathable fabric,” he said, “as they will give you a smart look with a comfortable fit.”

And, he advises, if you want to relax your suit further, don’t bother with a formal shirt. “If you can push the envelope a little at your workplace, a merino wool long-sleeve polo is a perfect companion, breaking up your outfit without losing that professional look.” Merino wool is naturally temperature regulating, too.

Personally, I also love an oversize jacket and slouchy suits, and there are many options out there right now at a range of price points. Brands like Arket (another Scandinavian label within the H&M group) offer some solid midrange casual suits. Keep the jacket unbuttoned always and wear a good quality cotton T-shirt underneath. Pair it with boots or sneakers (French brand Veja has good green credentials, offering many styles appropriate for the office).

Fashion designer Charlie Casely-Hayford wearing a Casely-Hayford suit T-shirt.

Fashion designer Charlie Casely-Hayford wearing a Casely-Hayford suit T-shirt. Credit: Kirstin Sinclair/Getty Images

The aside: A note for newbies

If you’re about to start your very first job, you might be looking at walking into your office without any prior reference for what people typically wear.

First off, just ask — it’s totally reasonable to ask your new manager what the vibe is. And if you’re still unsure, remember this sound advice from Arnold: “Be yourself, dress for the occasion and make sure you feel comfortable. If you don’t feel comfortable in what you wear, it can reflect on how you present yourself and your productivity.”

The golden rule: Create your own uniform and then build on it

Set yourself up by establishing some staple pieces that can form the basis of your work wardrobe. A great pair of black trousers, a blazer and some quality shirts can go a long way.

Drawing on her own closet as an example, Dai said, “I have a uniform or a capsule collection in my wardrobe. I’ve got a skinny-ankle trouser which is great for cycling into work because they won’t get caught on the chain. I also have a wide-leg just to add that difference in the week…And then one or two good blazers.”

Model Paloma Elsesser walks the runway during the Chloe 2022 show in a black dress for every day.

Model Paloma Elsesser walks the runway during the Chloe 2022 show in a black dress for every day. Credit: Victor Virgile/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images

Every item in your collection of staples should be something you can imagine wearing multiple times in a week, and you should be able to style each item in at least three different outfits.

“Be yourself, dress for the occasion and make sure you feel comfortable. If you don’t feel comfortable in what you wear, it can reflect on how you present yourself and your productivity.”

Oli Arnold, style director at Mr Porter

In cooler months, a well-tailored pair of trousers paired with quality knitwear and a boot is fuss-free, especially if you stick to classic colors like black, navy, grays and tans, which are very easy to interchange. The knitwear can be swapped out for a blouse or shirt in warmer weather for a similar effect.

Writer, activist and broadcaster Sinéad Burke in a classic Burberry trench coat.

Writer, activist and broadcaster Sinéad Burke in a classic Burberry trench coat. Credit: Kirstin Sinclair/Getty Images

Skirts can play into this uniform, too. An A-line skirt cut an inch or two above the knee with a crisp white shirt with a French tuck (a more relaxed approach where the back of your shirt remains mostly untucked) could be added into your rotation in warmer months. Also, midlength skirts pair nicely with structured, thick cotton T-shirts or a thin wool sweater.

The twist: Accessorize

Mix up the uniform with jewelry and accessories. I’m a big fan of the workwear uniform, but I’ll mix it up with some form of accessory.

Arnold points to footwear as another way to elevate a simple look. “A classic hard shoe, such as a pair of Penny Loafers from John Lobb or George Cleverley, are a personal staple. You can’t go wrong with their practicality and long-lasting craftsmanship, whilst (they) can easily elevate an outfit if you go a little more casual.”

A pair of tan flats are also great if you don’t want to wear sneakers. Go for a sharp, pointed toe as opposed to anything rounded. Also, a beautiful silk scarf (worn folded into a triangle and draped over your shoulders), a watch or — my personal favorite — big earrings can be quite impactful.

If you’re looking for an investment piece, I’d always (much to my bank account’s horror) splash out on a bag. A beautifully crafted handbag or tote will last forever and immediately lift a look. If that sounds expensive, scroll down for tips on renting. Alternatively, the luxury resale market is booming. Use sites like Vestiaire or Resee to find deals on pre-vetted, secondhand luxury items.

Clockwise from left to right: Patent leather coat and scarf street style look via Getty Images; Totême scarf courtesy Net-a-Porter; Red Loewe bag photographed by Hannah Crosskey for Cocoon; Pink gingham jacket street style look and navy jacket with Chanel bag street style look via Getty Images; Statement earrings look via Getty Images; Black Balenciaga bag photographed by Charlie Gates for Cocoon; Tangerine jacket street style look via Getty Images; Cream Gucci bag photographed by Hannah Crosskey for Cocoon.

Clockwise from left to right: Patent leather coat and scarf street style look via Getty Images; Totême scarf courtesy Net-a-Porter; Red Loewe bag photographed by Hannah Crosskey for Cocoon; Pink gingham jacket street style look and navy jacket with Chanel bag street style look via Getty Images; Statement earrings look via Getty Images; Black Balenciaga bag photographed by Charlie Gates for Cocoon; Tangerine jacket street style look via Getty Images; Cream Gucci bag photographed by Hannah Crosskey for Cocoon.

The debate: To denim or not to denim

A no-denim policy might be the last bastion of formal workwear culture at some corporate workplaces, but for many companies, denim is absolutely acceptable.

“I really do believe you can wear denim, even in more formal offices (or) at least on a Friday,” said Dai, who added that she preferred black denim when she still worked in a corporate setting. “If you’re not seeing clients or you have clients who are more casual than you are then I think (if you’re considering) a denim for a lunch meeting, go for it!”

Dittmer agrees. “To ease yourself in, start with dark, straight-leg denim which can look really polished. Denim can be a great base layer for crisp shirting, beautiful blouses, and is a great way to break out of your classic work uniform style and branch out into more playful looks.”

Look for darker denim washes, and a classic straight or wide leg. Gen Z ruled out skinny jeans last year, much to the despair of many millennials, and — while I don’t live and die by trends — I think they might have a point. Also, keep your ankles away at work (a tiny hint is fine but avoid a cropped jean). And while we’re seeing a lot of low-slung options on the runway as the fashion world continues to be inspired by Y2K style, high-waisted options are the best bet for the office (they’re also the most flattering).

The pep talk: Don’t forget to have fun

Starting a new job can be daunting — you’ll be meeting new people, spending time in a new environment and taking in a lot of new information. What you wear shouldn’t add to the stress. Lean into the chance to express yourself and play with fashion. Use clothes to set the mood for your day, depending on what’s on the agenda.

Influencer Darja Barannik playing with color in Copenhagen.

Influencer Darja Barannik playing with color in Copenhagen. Credit: Christian Vierig/Getty Images

Renting is an excellent way to experiment and add some fun pieces to your wardrobe. For Dittmer, “It’s a great low-commitment, low-cost way to try out new styles and brands.”

It’s also a great way to inject a little bit of luxury into your life. I pay for a monthly subscription to a rental company called Cocoon that allows me to select one designer bag every four weeks to be delivered to my door. The one I’m sporting this month retails around $2,000, but it cost me $130. Renting is also a great option should you need to dress up for a work event. More and more online styling services are popping up with plenty of partywear.

Above all, remember that fashion is supposed to be fun. Don’t take it too seriously; wear clothes that make you feel confident and happy. It’s horribly cheesy, but a smile really is the best accessory.

Top image credits: Clockwise from left to right: Yellow skirt and shirt look courtesy Arket; Navy suit street style look via Getty Images; Brown suit courtesy Mr Porter; Maxi dress and blazer street style look via Getty Images; White shirt look courtesy Dai; Black trousers and oversize white shirt look courtesy Dai; trench coat look courtesy Arket.

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Could ‘morning after’ nasal spray block COVID?

Pinpointing the routes that the COVID-19 virus takes in and out of the nasal cavity could make possible a “morning after” spray to prevent infection, say researchers.

Imagine someone just coughed on you on a flight, in line at the store, anywhere. If only there were a “morning after” nasal spray that could knock out respiratory viruses’ ability to colonize your nose and throat.

“Our upper airways are the launchpad not only for infection of our lungs but for transmission to others,” says Peter Jackson, a Stanford School of Medicine professor of pathology and of microbiology and immunology. Jackson is senior author of the study in Cell with Raul Andino, professor of microbiology and immunology at UC San Francisco.

Inside the nose

The nose and airway are lined with epithelial tissue consisting mainly of three cell types: basal cells, goblet cells, and multiciliated cells, which make up about 80% of all cells in the nasal epithelium. Multiciliated cells form a protective barrier to keep viruses from entering the airway.

Jackson and his colleagues zoomed in on two structures found on multiciliated epithelial cells: cilia and microvilli. Although both are well known, neither structure has previously been implicated in how the virus enters or exits the cells lining the airway.

Cilia are spaghetti-like appendages sprouting from the outward-facing surfaces of various cells. A single nasal epithelial cell may host as many as 400 of these whiplike strands on its nasal-cavity-facing surface, all continuously beating in harmony. They’re topped by a thin layer of a protein called mucin—closely related to the key protein in mucus—and, atop that, a coat of mucus.

Mucin molecules can hook up with one another to form a mesh akin to an elastic, three-dimensional chain-link fence, preventing larger viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 from getting into upper-airway cells, Jackson says. The mucus coat entraps viral particles, bacteria, environmental debris, and cell-breakdown junk and keeps underlying cells moist.

Upper-airway epithelial cilia poke through this mucus layer, their synchronized beat generating a wave that pushes the mucus and its entrapped particles along, like a slow-moving river, to where it can be expectorated or, alternatively, swallowed and digested.

Another feature common to virtually all animal cells is microvilli, smaller spikes extending from the cell surface like little fingers. Microvilli can grab and transport subcellular particles and vesicles.

Organoids with cilia

To see, close up, what happens during a nascent viral infection, Jackson and his associates used a sophisticated tissue culture method to generate what they call airway epithelial organoids, which mimic normal airways. While lacking blood vessels and immune cells, these organoids otherwise fully recapitulate the architecture of the nasal epithelium, including an intact mucus-mucin layer and well-developed multiciliated cells.

The scientists inoculated the cultures by incubating them in the same dish with SARS-CoV-2. With light and electron microscopy and immunochemical staining, they monitored the epithelial cells for viral entry, replication and exit.

Only ciliated cells became infected. Electron microscopy showed that the virus initially attaches only to cilia. Six hours after organoids were incubated with SARS-CoV-2, many virus particles were dotting the cilia’s sides from the tips down. Even 24 hours after inoculation, the virus was replicating only in a few cells. It took 48 hours for massive replication to occur.

SARS-CoV-2 needs a full day or two to start replicating full-tilt in real life, too.

Depleting the cilia, by knocking down levels of a protein critical to cilia formation in nasal epithelial cells, severely slowed down SARS-CoV-2 infection.

“It’s clear that human ciliated nasal epithelial cells are the primary entry site for SARS-CoV-2 in nasal epithelial tissue,” Jackson says.

Suspecting that the delay in infection is due to the airway mucus-mucin barrier the virus has to cross, the researchers treated the airway organoids with a mucin-selective enzyme that breaks down the mucin-network mesh. It sped up virus entry at 24 hours from “barely detectable to easily detectable,” says Jackson, who concludes that eliminating mucin from this mesh prevented the mesh from blocking SARS-CoV-2 infection of the organoids.

In patients with a very rare disease called primary ciliary dyskinesia, whose ciliary beating capability is compromised or is no longer in sync, mucus flow loses its directionality.

In airway organoids generated from these patients, viral attachment to cilia resembled that seen in normal cells. At 24 hours post-inoculation, cell-infection rates were also similar to those of normal infected cells. Normal-looking microvilli bristled on cell surfaces.

But at 48 hours, SARS-CoV-2 was infecting far fewer cells overall—it could infect only the immediately surrounding cells—suggesting that once SARS-CoV-2 has started replicating within infected cells, the virus relies on adequate mucus flow to help it spread throughout the upper airways.

A May 2020 Nature Communications study, of which Jackson is a coauthor, showed that ACE2—the classic SARS-CoV-2-binding cell-surface molecule, or receptor—concentrates on the cilia of nasal epithelial cells. The new Cell study shows that SARS-CoV-2 bound to epithelial cilia via this receptor.

From there, Jackson says, the virus might slip past the mucus-mucin barrier in one of two ways: either by skipping down the side of cilia, hopscotch-style, from one ACE2 molecule to the next until it reaches the cell’s main body, fusing with the cell membrane there and climbing in; or by wedging its way into the cilium and riding an internal freight elevator down to the cell body.

“Once the virus gets through that barrier,” he says, “it can replicate freely in underlying cells.”

The researchers also find that SARS-CoV-2, once inside the cell, induces activity on the part of intracellular enzymes that causes microvilli to enlarge and branch, like crazy cactus plants, until their tips poke out above the mucus barrier. Their numbers increase. As soon as 24 hours post-inoculation, many altered microvilli, ordinarily less than half the length of cilia, have turned into huge, branching, tree-like structures the size of cilia or larger, and they’re decorated with attached viral particles that can shove off into the mucus-mucin layer, where they can float down the mucus river and infect other, more-distant cells.

The researchers pinpointed enzymes in the cell, massively switched on by SARS-CoV-2 infection, that were causing the microvilli’s transformation. Inhibiting these enzymes ground that aberration to a halt and greatly diminished the virus’s spread to other cells.

A ‘morning after’ spray?

Jackson and his colleagues had similar results when they incubated airway organoids with either of two other respiratory viruses—the now-surging respiratory syncytial virus and the less-common parainfluenza virus—as well as with BA.1, a variant of the omicron strain.

Omicron is more contagious, and, as expected, it infected airway-organoid multiciliated cells more quickly than the older strain used for the other SARS-CoV-2 experiments. But inhibiting viral entry or exit in airway cells still proved effective, even for this highly infectious variant.

These viral entry mechanisms may be a general property of many respiratory viruses, Jackson says.

The findings identify new targets for a nasally applied drug that, by impeding ciliary motion or microvilli gigantism, could prevent even unknown respiratory viruses—the kind you meet, say, at a pandemic—from making themselves at home in your nose or throat.

Jackson says substances used in these experiments could perhaps be optimized for use in, say, nasal sprays soon after a respiratory viral exposure, or as prophylactics.

“Delaying viral entry, exit or spread with a locally applied, short-duration drug would help our immune systems catch up and arrive in time to stop full-blown infection and hopefully limit future pandemics,” he says.

Other researchers from UCSF, the Jikei University School of Medicine in Tokyo, and the Texas Biomedical Research Institute contributed to the work.

The study had funding from the National Institutes of Health, the Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Fast Grant, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Defense Advanced Research Project Agency, the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Stanford Respond Innovate Scale Empower, and the Stanford Maternal and Child Health Research Institute.

Source: Stanford University

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Port of South Louisiana agrees to buy former Avondale Shipyards

The Port of South Louisiana has agreed to buy the former Avondale Shipyards from terminal operator T. Parker Host, which bought the site in 2018.

According to plans released Thursday, Host will continue to be the terminal operator for the facility, which is now known as Avondale Global Gateway.

LOUISIANA HORSE DEATHS CONNECTED TO CONTAMINATED FEED

The Port of South Louisiana has announced Thursday their plans to buy former Avondale Shipyards. The $445 million acquisition will allow the port to have better international trade. 

The Port of South Louisiana has announced Thursday their plans to buy former Avondale Shipyards. The $445 million acquisition will allow the port to have better international trade. 

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The port said in a news release that the $445 million acquisition of the 254 acre site will allow the port to be more competitive in international trade. Thousands once worked to build warships for the U.S. Navy before Avondale Shipyards closed in 2014. Host relaunched the site as a manufacturing and shipment hub.

The state Bond Commission will have to approve the port’s financing of the deal.

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NYC mayor cites slower economic growth spurred by high office vacancy, cost of migrant crisis and health care, in budget address



CNN
 — 

New York City Mayor Eric Adams unveiled the state of the city’s economic outlook as part of a $102.7 billion budget proposal for 2024 on Thursday, highlighting slow economic growth despite spikes in tourism and jobs.

Adams touted investments that will be made into public safety and affordable housing while promoting what he called “strong fiscal management.”

The budget proposal will be voted on by the city council later this year.

“We crafted this budget in the environment of economic and fiscal uncertainty. While our country has made an amazing recovery since the darkest days of the pandemic, the national economy has slowed as the Federal Reserve raises interest rates to tamp down inflation,” Adams said on Thursday.

Office vacancy rates are now at a record high as the Adams administration points to the continuing slow pace of workers returning to the office since the pandemic shut down in 2020. The increase in vacancies weakens the commercial office market, according to analysis from the preliminary budget.

The Adams administration has also pointed to substantial fiscal challenges due to the migrant crisis, which they estimate is now at roughly 40,000 asylum seekers that have come into New York City since last April.

New York City’s share from a pot of $785 million earmarked for major cities struggling to deal with the migrant crisis won’t cover all the costs from dealing with the situation, according to the preliminary budget.

Rising health care costs and settling expired labor contracts are also listed as hurdles, according to the preliminary budget.

Despite the challenges, employment in New York City has grown 4.8% -— outpacing the state, which is at 3.3% and the United States as a whole, which is at 3.2%, according to the preliminary budget.

Adams said that 88% of jobs lost during the pandemic have been recovered, according to the preliminary budget.

The Adams administration also boasts $8.3 billion in budget reserves, according to the preliminary budget, which also looks ahead to investments in affordable housing addressing and environmental concerns.

Over the next 10 years, the city plans to invest $153 million into the development of Willets Point, transforming it from a gritty industrial zone in Queens into a bustling community with 2,500 affordable homes, a soccer stadium, a hotel and public space, according to the preliminary budget.

The city will also aim to enhance security measures at schools, investing $47.5 million on top of the already $30 million in capital funding to make technological upgrades to doors and entryways, Adams said.

The city has also earmarked $228 million for high-priority street reconstruction projects, $77 million for signal installation and $46 million to upgrade marine infrastructure in Manhattan and Staten Island.

“We are focused on governing efficiently and measuring success, not by how much we spend but by our achievements,” Adams said.

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