Were more galaxies born earlier than we thought?

Astronomers suggest more galaxies formed in the early universe than previously thought.

In their new study, the researchers discovered 87 galaxies that could be the earliest known galaxies in the universe.

“…we might need to revise our previous understanding of galaxy formation.”

The finding gets the astronomers one step closer to finding out when galaxies first appeared in the universe—about 200-400 million years after the Big Bang, says Haojing Yan, associate professor of physics and astronomy at the University of Missouri and lead author of the study.

The researchers used data from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Early Release Observations.

“Finding such a large number of galaxies in the early parts of the universe suggests that we might need to revise our previous understanding of galaxy formation,” Yan says. “Our finding gives us the first indication that a lot of galaxies could have been formed in the universe much earlier than previously thought.”

In the study, the astronomers searched for potential galaxies at “very high redshifts.” Yan says the concept of redshifts in astronomy allows astronomers to measure how far away distant objects are in the universe—like galaxies—by looking at how the colors change in the waves of light that they emit.

“If a light-emitting source is moving toward us, the light is being ‘squeezed,’ and that shorter wavelength is represented by blue light, or blueshift,” Yan says. “But if that source [of light] is moving away from us, the light it produces is being ‘stretched,’ and changes to a longer wavelength that is represented by red light, or redshift.”

Yan says Edwin Hubble’s discovery in the late 1920s that our universe is ever-expanding is key to understanding how redshifts are used in astronomy.

“Hubble confirmed that galaxies external to our Milky Way galaxy are moving away from us, and the more distant they are, the faster they are moving away,” Yan says. “This relates to redshifts through the notion of distances—the higher the redshift an object is at, such as a galaxy, the further away it is from us.”

Therefore, Yan says the search for galaxies at very high redshifts gives astronomers a way to construct the early history of the universe.

“The speed of light is finite, so it takes time for light to travel over a distance to reach us,” Yan says. “For example, when we look at the sun, we aren’t looking at it what it looks like in the present, but rather what it looked like some eight minutes ago. That’s because that’s how long it takes for the sun’s radiation to reach us. So, when we are looking at galaxies which are very far away, we are looking at their images from a long time ago.”

Using this concept, Yan’s team analyzed the infrared light captured by the JWST to identify the galaxies.

“The higher the redshift a galaxy is at, the longer it takes for the light to reach us, so a higher redshift corresponds to an earlier view of the universe,” Yan says. “Therefore, by looking at galaxies at higher redshifts, we are getting earlier snapshots of what the universe looked like a long time ago.”

The JWST was critical to this discovery because objects in space like galaxies that are located at high redshifts—11 and above—can only be detected by infrared light, according to Yan. This is beyond what NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope can detect because the Hubble telescope only sees from ultraviolet to near-infrared light.

“JWST, the most powerful infrared telescope, has the sensitivity and resolution for the job,” Yan says. “Up until these first JWST data sets were released [in mid-July 2022], most astronomers believed that the universe should have very few galaxies beyond redshift 11. At the very least, our results challenge this view. I believe this discovery is just the tip of the iceberg because the data we used only focused on a very small area of the universe. After this, I anticipate that other teams of astronomers will find similar results elsewhere in the vast reaches of space as JWST continues to provide us with a new view of the deepest parts of our universe.”

The research appears in The Astrophysical Journal Letters. Additional coauthors are from the University of Missouri, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy and National Astronomical Observatories of China.

Source: University of Missouri

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Boebert shares how the fight between her and Marjorie Taylor Greene went down: 'Don't be ugly'

Rep. Lauren Boebert, R-Colo., shared details about her alleged feud with her fellow Republican Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, Ga., that occurred after the first House vote for Speaker earlier this month.

Appearing on “The Dana Show” Thursday, Boebert was asked about her conflict with Greene over Boebert’s refusal to support Rep. Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., as Speaker of the House. Their argument allegedly built to a contentious confrontation in a women’s bathroom on Jan. 3 after the lower chamber failed to elect a House speaker.

While Boebert did not elaborate on what was exactly said between the two, she gave more details about the interaction. 

Rep.-elect Lauren Boebert, R-Colo., delivers remarks alongside House Republican Leader Kevin McCarthy in the House Chamber during the second day of elections for Speaker of the House at the U.S. Capitol Building on Jan. 4, 2023, in Washington, D.C.

Rep.-elect Lauren Boebert, R-Colo., delivers remarks alongside House Republican Leader Kevin McCarthy in the House Chamber during the second day of elections for Speaker of the House at the U.S. Capitol Building on Jan. 4, 2023, in Washington, D.C.
(Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images)

“Okay. So I actually kind of love that that story came out because of how I was quoted. So, yeah, I mean, we’re talking in the congressional ladies’ bathroom. I’m there with Anna Paulina Luna, and, you know, people are upset about what’s going on in the speaker’s race. It had been a couple of days we were not electing Kevin McCarthy,” Boebert said.

‘LITTLE’ ERIC SWALWELL IS SOLD OUT TO CHINA AND SHOULD BE NOWHERE NEAR CLASSIFIED INFORMATION: LAUREN BOEBERT 

She continued, “We hadn’t received the concessions that we wanted. And my colleague from Georgia, the gentlewoman from Georgia, came up and started, you know, being kind of nasty about it. And no one else had been nasty about it. Everyone had been very professional. We were engaging in conversations. Relationships were being built and strengthened on both sides of the aisle. It was incredible. And so when she started going after me, I looked at her and said, ‘Don’t be ugly.’”

Both Boebert and Greene have shared similar views in the past such as supporting former President Trump. However, Boebert dismissed the idea that they were close before this feud.

“I think the media saw two women in Congress, you know, there was nothing against her. We travel in the same circles, have the same policy views on a lot of things, not everything but on many things,” Boebert said.

Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, R-Ga., criticized Boebert for her refusal to support Kevin McCarthy for House Speaker.

Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, R-Ga., criticized Boebert for her refusal to support Kevin McCarthy for House Speaker.
(AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite, Pool, File)

HOUSE CONSERVATIVE LEADER RIPS MEDIA FOR ‘IRRATIONAL’ DEBT CEILING COVERAGE, VOWS ‘SERIOUS FISCAL REFORM’ 

Boebert was one of 20 House Republicans who originally voted against McCarthy as Speaker of the House. McCarthy finally won with 216 votes after six Republicans, including Boebert, chose to vote “present” rather than support him. 

Her conflict with Greene began back in December after Greene attacked the Colorado representative for speaking out against McCarthy. At the time, Boebert similarly insisted that she did not always align with Greene’s beliefs.

“I’ve been aligned with Marjorie and accused of believing a lot of the things she believes in. I don’t believe in this just like I don’t believe in [Jewish] space lasers,” Boebert said.

By Thursday’s radio show, Boebert spoke about the issue in a more lighthearted way. 

Rep. Lauren Boebert, R-Colo., voted "present" in the 15th and final vote for House Speaker.

Rep. Lauren Boebert, R-Colo., voted “present” in the 15th and final vote for House Speaker.
(AP Photo/Phelan M. Ebenhack, File)

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Boebert joked “And, but yeah I looked at her, said, I don’t have time for this. I said, ‘Don’t be ugly.’ And that’s something that my granny used to say to me when I was being a brat.”

“It’s like sounds like a very, a Coloradoan version of ‘Bless your Heart,’ right? Yeah,” host Dana Loesch said.

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Teacher allegedly shot by 6-year-old released from hospital as child's family sends condolences, says gun was secured



CNN
 — 

The family of the 6-year-old Virginia boy who allegedly shot his first-grade teacher at a Newport News elementary school nearly two weeks ago has released a statement for the first time since the incident, lauding the teacher and saying their child has an acute disability.

“Our heart goes out to our son’s teacher and we pray for her healing in the aftermath of such an unimaginable tragedy as she selflessly served our son and the children in the school,” the Thursday statement, released by attorney James Ellenson, said.

The statement comes on the same day officials announced Richneck Elementary School teacher Abby Zwerner, who was wounded in the January 6 classroom shooting, has been released from the hospital.

Zwerner, 25, was shot in the chest after the bullet passed through one of her hands, Newport News Chief of Police Steve Drew told reporters last week. Police have not identified the first-grade student they say was responsible.

In the statement, the family said the gun allegedly used was secured before the shooting. They also said a family member usually went to class with him, but not the week of the incident.

“Our son suffers from an acute disability and was under a care plan at the school that included his mother or father attending school with him and accompanying him to Class every day,” the family statement says. “We will regret our absence on this day for the rest of our lives.”

The gun was legally purchased by the child’s mother, who could face charges at the end of the investigation, according to Drew. The child brought it to school in his backpack, he said.

Under Virginia law, it’s a misdemeanor if an adult leaves a loaded, unsecured firearm in such a way it could endanger a child under the age of 14. The statute also says it is unlawful for a person to unknowingly allow a child under the age of 12 to use a firearm.

Ellenson had no comment on CNN’s follow-up questions on how the gun was secured and how the child was able to access it the day of the shooting. The statement said the family has been cooperating with investigators.

The family’s statement also praised Zwerner.

“She has worked diligently and compassionately to support our family as we sought the best education and learning environment for our son,” the family said. “We thank her for her courage, grace and sacrifice. We grieve alongside all of the other teachers, families and administrators for how this horrific incident has impacted them, our community, and the nation.”

Newport News Public Schools said Thursday it could not release any additional information about the shooting at this time.

Riverside Regional Medical Center spokesperson Angela Arcieri said Zwerner was released earlier this week.

“(Zwerner) continues her recovery as an outpatient with the support of family, friends, and health professionals. The Zwerner family respectfully asks for privacy during this time,” Arcieri wrote in an emailed statement.

Police have described the shooting, which initially left the teacher critically injured, as “intentional.”

Zwerner has been praised for her heroic actions keeping her students safe after she was shot. She made sure all her students made it out of the classroom, Drew said, and was the last person to leave her classroom before making her way to the administration office.

Classrooms are closed until at least January 30, when the next semester begins. Officials have “organized a time for Richneck families to begin transitioning students back into the building” next Wednesday, according to the school’s website.

The school is hosting emotional support services Thursday and Friday for students and families.

The Richneck shooting was the first of 2023 at a US school, according to a CNN analysis. In 2022, there were 60 shootings at K-12 schools, the CNN analysis shows.

Still, school shootings by a suspect so young are very rare. According to the K-12 School Shooting Database, which tracks shootings in American schools since 1970, there have been three other cases in which the suspect was as young as 6: in 2000, 2011 and 2021.

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Former GOP Gov. Mitch Daniels to decide on Indiana Senate run in coming weeks



CNN
 — 

Former Indiana Gov. Mitch Daniels is likely to decide within the next two weeks whether he will run for Senate, a person close to Daniels said – a campaign that would position the state’s 2024 GOP primary as a test of the lasting influence of Trumpism in a deep-red state.

Rep. Jim Banks, a Donald Trump-aligned conservative from northeastern Indiana, has already entered the race. And the Club for Growth launched a preemptive ad attacking the 73-year-old Daniels, labeling him an “old guard Republican” who is “all out of fight.”

Daniels, from his home in Naples, Florida, spoke on the phone with Banks less than two weeks ago. He did not dissuade Banks from running for the Senate seat being vacated by Sen. Mike Braun, a Republican who is instead running for governor – which Banks has touted in phone calls since then, two people familiar with their conversation said.

The person close to Daniels said the primary would pit Daniels-style conservatives focused on winning elections and achieving policy goals against Trump-style “grifters” who are “making a fortune in the business of howling at the moon” and setting Republicans back in the process.

“What they’ve created is a situation in which Mitch Daniels is going to be orders of magnitude more powerful and influential coming into the United States Senate than if they just left him alone,” the person said. “We had no intention of running a campaign against Donald Trump or the MAGA world, but they’ve launched this attack now and none of us are shrinking violets and this is not our first rodeo. If they want a fist fight, let’s go.”

The person said the former governor and Purdue University president is likely to make a decision soon in part because he doesn’t want to leave Indiana Republicans who are loyal to him waiting with attacks already underway.

Daniels has been considering a Senate run for several months, the person said. He spoke by phone last fall with former Nebraska Sen. Ben Sasse, who left the Senate for a role in academia, taking over as president of the University of Florida – the reverse of the move Daniels, who recently departed Purdue, is considering.

Daniels is set to visit Washington in the coming days for meetings with several Republican senators, the person said.

Daniels, a former President George W. Bush Office of Management and Budget director and top Eli Lilly and Co. executive who was elected governor in 2004 and 2008, was the dominant figure in Indiana politics at that time – presiding over a rapid period of Republican government and education reforms, budget cuts and curtailing of labor union power.

He was widely seen as a potential 2012 Republican presidential candidate, but opted against running, citing family concerns.

Instead, as Daniels left office, he was appointed president of Purdue University – a position he held for 10 years before leaving at the end of last year. During that time, he largely avoided commenting on political issues.

Still, Daniels cast a long shadow over Indiana politics. Former Vice President Mike Pence, who was elected Indiana governor after Daniels and took a much more cautious approach to the office, struggled to gain the sort of influence Daniels had held, until Pence was tapped as Trump’s running mate in 2016. Indiana’s current governor, Republican Eric Holcomb, was Daniels’ political right-hand man during his governorship.

The attacks by the Club for Growth are in some ways unsurprising: The organization’s president, former Rep. David McIntosh, was among the Republicans pushed out of the 2004 Indiana governor’s race when Daniels launched his campaign with then-President Bush’s backing.

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The case for eating pulses (and what they are)

People aren’t eating pulses—a category of food that includes beans, lentils, and peas—due to lack of awareness and tradition, research in Europe finds.

Pulses, which have two- to three-times the protein as cereals, could replace meat protein while being sustainable and climate friendly.

Pulses have a unique ability to capture nitrogen from the air and fix it to soil to create fertilizer, which benefits other plants as well. This makes the need for additional fertilizer negligible, as well as the crop’s greenhouse gas emissions.

In her studies, Katharina Henn aimed to get an overview of pulse consumption across Europe, and in doing so, identify the obstacles that challenge consumers. The findings appear in the journals Food Quality and Preference, Food Research International, and Future Foods.

Pulses in Denmark, Germany, Poland, Spain, and the UK

People in Denmark have roughly average knowledge of pulses, they come in last place for quantity and variety of pulses eaten.

“There is nothing bad to say about them.”

Conversely, while pulse awareness among the British is at the low end, consumption is midway to the top, below Poland and Spain. The results don’t explain whether this is because baked beans are popular in the UK. However, UK health authorities do include baked beans among their daily fruit and vegetable intake recommendations.

According to Henn, “there’s nothing wrong with canned beans. It’s a common misconception among consumers that canned foods are unhealthy. They may come in a sugary sauce, but the beans are fine.”

Spain is at the top of the class when it comes to awareness, the variation of pulses used and total consumption. The country’s historic interaction with Middle Eastern culinary traditions could be the reason. Regardless, pulses are a natural part of Spain’s Mediterranean diet, notes Henn. In Germany, her own country, the traditions have been forgotten.

“In Germany, there were once many traditional dishes that included pulses, such as lentil and sausage stew. But they’ve gone out of fashion. This partly explains why Germans know so much about pulses, but don’t have a matching appetite for them,” explains Henn.

Henn thinks that the solution to the low consumption is to build European traditions instead of focusing on meat-like substitutes.

“There is a lot of interest in meat substitutes because the industry thinks that consumers need products which resemble familiar foods, like burger patties. But from a nutritional perspective, we don’t need these imitation products. In fact, our studies show that consumers would often prefer pulses just as they are,” says Henn, who continues:

“Pulses have been a traditional foodstuff for a long time, so including them in a wider variety of products would be welcome. But there’s no need for loads of adaptation and innovation. Not to the extent needed with regards to insects or lab-grown meat for example. What is really needed is knowledge and inspiration to prepare them, so that people begin to consider pulses when planning meals.”

CO2 from protein sources

The studies also included a life cycle assessment for pulses which lays out their greenhouse gas footprints from production to consumption—start to finish. This underscored the huge potential of pulses, particularly at a time when our planet demands it.

Average greenhouse gas emissions (in CO2) for various pulses:

  • Dried beans: 11 kg CO2/kg protein
  • Canned beans: 23 kg CO2/kg protein
  • Beef: 499 kg CO2/kg protein
  • Lamb: 198.5 kg CO2/kg protein
  • Protein: 190 kg CO2/kg protein
  • Cheese: 108 kg CO2/kg protein

“Our global population has just reached 8 billion and we are amid a climate crisis. This calls for three things that pulses can deliver: Food production that can nourish a growing population; that can be climate friendly without significant greenhouse gas emissions; and do so in a future with more difficult growing conditions that includes drought, among other things,” says Henn.

“Now may be the time for a conversation about pulses in Europe, a cheap food that is nutritious and benefits climate and environment. There is nothing bad to say about them,” she says.

The work had support from the European Union Framework Program for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Training Network “FOODENGINE.”

Source: Kristian Bjørn-Hansen for University of Copenhagen

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Experts come out of the woodwork to say mishandling classified docs 'happens all the time,' 'just accidents'

After a summer of outrage over classified documents found at Mar-a-Lago, public figures from news personalities to former intelligence officials are now suggesting the mishandling of classified documents is commonplace.

In August, former President Trump was embroiled in a scandal when the FBI raided his Florida estate to retrieve classified documents. The tables turned in January with revelations classified documents were found at President Biden‘s Delaware residence and D.C. office. 

Suddenly, public figures from powerful institutions have come out of the woodwork to explain how easy it is to mishandle classified material or how far too many documents are classified in the first place.

In early January, former CIA lawyer Brian Greer explained in a CNN segment that mishandling classified documents is a common occurrence.

Critic claim the lack of visitor logs where classified documents were recovered makes Biden's potential security breach worse.

Critic claim the lack of visitor logs where classified documents were recovered makes Biden’s potential security breach worse.
(Getty Images)

HUNTER BIDEN, CHINA, CLASSIFIED DOCUMENTS: MYSTERY SWIRLS AROUND PENN BIDEN CENTER

“Because this type of mishandling happens all the time and now it’s become such a political football with all three last presidential candidates being investigated, I do worry about – while we need to take this all seriously and needs to be investigated, I do worry about over-criminalizing it,” he said. 

“CNN This Morning” had a segment on Thursday where Kaitlan Collins explained how “common” it is for classified documents to be found outside their “places and spaces.” An accompanying news chyron said the common “spillage” of classified info is “Washington’s little secret.”

In the same segment, national security reporter Katie Bo Lillis claimed that such mishaps or “classified spillage” happen “almost literally every day.” Lillis added further, “In more severe cases there can be penalties such as losing security clearance or being fired.”

Lillis noted that “overclassification” of documents is a widely cited concern.

“There’s over 4 million security clearance holders floating around out there, and some national security officials will also acknowledge that the U.S. Government has a big problem with overclassification,” she said. “There are just millions and millions of pieces of classified information, not all are exquisite.”

The White House initially claimed Biden's Delaware house was used for official business, but now says it's 'personal.'

The White House initially claimed Biden’s Delaware house was used for official business, but now says it’s ‘personal.’

ARE MORE CLASSIFIED DOCS OUT THERE? KARINE JEAN-PIERRE DODGES QUESTION

A Washington Post “Fact Checker” analysis by Glenn Kessler posted about the same phenomenon on January 11. 

The piece, headlined “Biden, Trump and classified documents: An explainer,” answered the question “Do classified documents often show up in someone’s possession improperly?”

Kessler cited a lawyer with an extensive history with this subject.

“It happens all the time, according to Mark S. Zaid, a lawyer who defends people who have committed security violations,” he wrote. “People retire or leave a job, they pack up boxes — and then sometimes years later they discover they accidentally stored a classified document in their garage or attic.”

Zaid said it is “hoarders” who face legal trouble for allegedly bringing “a lot of classified documents” home without authorization.

In this file image provided by The White House, President Joe Biden speaks with Russian President Vladimir Putin on the phone from his private residence in Wilmington, Del., Dec. 30, 2021. Biden acknowledged on Thursday that a document with classified markings from his time as vice president was found in his "personal library" at his home in Wilmington, Delaware, along with other documents found in his garage, days after it was disclosed that sensitive documents were also found at the office of his former institute in Washington. 

In this file image provided by The White House, President Joe Biden speaks with Russian President Vladimir Putin on the phone from his private residence in Wilmington, Del., Dec. 30, 2021. Biden acknowledged on Thursday that a document with classified markings from his time as vice president was found in his “personal library” at his home in Wilmington, Delaware, along with other documents found in his garage, days after it was disclosed that sensitive documents were also found at the office of his former institute in Washington. 
(Adam Schultz/The White House via AP, File)

REPORTERS PRESS FOR WHITE HOUSE ANSWERS OVER CLASSIFIED DOCS SCANDAL

NPR published a piece on the same “overclassification” concern on Tuesday. Oona Hathaway, a law professor at Yale University and former special counsel at the Pentagon, was interviewed.

She claimed that overclassification has “been a problem for decades,” noting further that “People who have been looking at classification and thinking about classification have recognized for a very long time that the system is out of control.”

Hathaway also commented on the Biden documents, saying, “Well, it’s hard to know exactly what’s happening with the Biden administration because we haven’t seen those documents. And so it’s hard to know if those are documents that really should not have been classified.”

She theorized on the way they were stored as well.

“The fact that they’re mixed in with a lot of documents that were not classified is suggestive that they were just part of a set of files where classified information kind of got snuck in and they inadvertently took the boxes with them when they left,” Hathaway speculated.

US Attorney General Merrick Garland names an independent special counsel to probe President Joe Biden's alleged mishandling of classified documents at the US Justice Department in Washington, DC on January 12, 2023. 

US Attorney General Merrick Garland names an independent special counsel to probe President Joe Biden’s alleged mishandling of classified documents at the US Justice Department in Washington, DC on January 12, 2023. 
(OLIVIER DOULIERY/AFP via Getty Images)

BIDEN CLASSIFIED DOCUMENTS: NATIONAL ARCHIVES WON’T SHARE INFO WITH HOUSE REPUBLICANS WITHOUT DOJ APPROVAL

On Thursday, NPR published a piece, headlined “Is the U.S. government designating too many documents as ‘classified’?” based on an interview with historian Matthew Connelly heard on “Fresh Air.”

“On average, Connelly says, records are marked as classified three times every second, generating so many secret documents that it’s practically impossible to preserve them all,” NPR said.

When asked about how Biden handled classified documents, Connelly said, “I think you can look at it two ways: One way of looking at it is that this is just more evidence about how state secrecy is out of control. They just can’t keep track of all the secrets that they’re generating, because there are just too many of them. And so even if you credit Joseph Biden and the people around him and you think that they were responsible [stewards of these documents], then you still have to ask yourself: How is it that they lost track of records that, apparently, at least in some cases, were classified as top secret?”

President Joe Biden responds to questions from reporters after speaking about the economy in the South Court Auditorium in the Eisenhower Executive Office Building on the White House Campus, Thursday, Jan. 12, 2023, in Washington. Lawyers for Biden found more classified documents at his home in Wilmington, Delaware, than previously known, the White House acknowledged Saturday, Jan. 14.

President Joe Biden responds to questions from reporters after speaking about the economy in the South Court Auditorium in the Eisenhower Executive Office Building on the White House Campus, Thursday, Jan. 12, 2023, in Washington. Lawyers for Biden found more classified documents at his home in Wilmington, Delaware, than previously known, the White House acknowledged Saturday, Jan. 14.
(AP Photo/Andrew Harnik, File)

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ABC News contributor and former acting undersecretary for intelligence and analysis at the Department of Homeland Security John Cohen spoke about the issue on ABCNews’ “Start Here” podcast.

“Unless you are working in an organization like the CIA or another intelligence community organization, where all you’re working with is classified information, and these types of security violations are not really that uncommon when you are working with large quantities of documents and you are co-mingling classified reports with unclassified documents,” he said, “It is not uncommon for there to be situations where, inadvertently, people will mix them together and walk out of a SCIF or secured facility with a document they shouldn’t have.”

He went on, “Security violations sound very, very nefarious, but in many cases, they’re just accidents.”

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What we know and don't know about the case of a 6-year-old who allegedly shot his teacher



CNN
 — 

Like many other American cities before it, Newport News, Virginia, is this month dealing with the aftermath of a school shooting.

This time, however, the suspected shooter is just 6 years old, according to police, who said the child opened fire in a classroom at Richneck Elementary school, sending a wounded teacher to the hospital. The age of the suspected shooter has left a community and country reeling from the news that a first grader allegedly obtained a gun, brought it to school and shot his teacher.

Authorities have provided general information about the shooting. But there are numerous questions that remain unanswered – including how a 6-year-old could gain possession of a weapon and what the potential legal repercussions for the student or his parents might be.

The family of the boy has released a statement saying the gun had been secured and the child has an acute disability that meant one of his parents was usually in class with him.

Here’s a look at what we know – and don’t know – about the January 6 shooting.

Officials have released few details about the student publicly, aside from the fact he is 6.

He was taken into police custody immediately after the shooting, police Chief Steve Drew said in a news conference at the time, adding no other students were involved. The boy was under a temporary detention order and was being evaluated at a hospital, police said January 9.

The shooting was not accidental, Drew said previously, and he told reporters the teacher was “providing class instruction when the child displayed a firearm, pointed it at her and fired one round.”

“There was no physical struggle or fight,” he said.

Police received the call that a teacher had been shot at 1:59 p.m., Drew said. When officers entered the classroom five minutes later, the boy was being restrained by a school employee, police said. He was combative and struck the employee restraining him. Officers escorted him from the building and into a police car.

The gun – which was legally purchased by the 6-year-old’s mother – was taken by the child from his home, Drew said. The child brought it to school in his backpack. It is unclear how the child accessed the weapon.

Messages of support for teacher Abby Zwerner, who police say was shot by a 6- year-old student, are fixed to the front door of Richneck Elementary School.

Officials identified the victim as Abigail Zwerner, a 25-year-old teacher who has been praised for her actions after being shot – including ensuring her students were safe.

“When I met with Abigail’s family on Saturday and they took me up to her room, she asked me, first question, ‘Do you know how my students are?’” Drew said. “She was worried about them.”

Her injuries were initially described as life-threatening, but she was released “earlier this week,” Riverside Regional Medical Center spokesperson Angela Arcieri said in a Thursday email.

“She continues her recovery as an outpatient with the support of family, friends, and health professionals. The Zwerner family respectfully asks for privacy during this time,” Arcieri wrote.

Zwerner – who is described as a first-grade teacher in Richneck Elementary’s online staff directory – was shot in the chest after the bullet passed through one of her hands, the chief said. “But she was still able to get all of her students out of that classroom,” Drew said, noting surveillance footage showed students running into the classroom across the hall.

A GoFundMe page organized by Zwerner’s twin sister has raised more than $225,000 since it was created.

garcia va shooting

A 6-year-old shot a teacher in class. Hear from an 8-year-old student who was down the hall

On Thursday, the family of the 6-year-old released a statement through their attorney, saying they grieve for the people impacted by the shooting and regret not being at school with their child.

“Our son suffers from an acute disability and was under a care plan at the school that included his mother or father attending school with him and accompanying him to Class every day,” the family said.

But the week of the shooting was the first when they weren’t in class with him.

“We will regret our absence on this day for the rest of our lives,” they said.

The gun allegedly used in the shooting was secured before the incident, they said. “Our family has always been committed to responsible gun ownership and keeping firearms out of the reach of children.”

Attorney James Ellenson would not comment when asked about how the gun was secured and how the child had access to it the day of the shooting.

The family praised Zwerner’s work, calling her diligent and compassionate in her teaching of their son. The statement thanked her for her courage, grace and sacrifice.

“We grieve alongside all of the other teachers, families and administrators for how this horrific incident has impacted them, our community, and the nation,” they said.

It’s unclear what legal consequences the student may or may not face.

While it’s technically possible for prosecutors to file charges against a 6-year-old in Virginia, which does not have a statutory age limit, “it is incredibly unlikely that it would lead to a successful prosecution,” said Andrew Block, an associate professor at the University of Virginia School of Law.

The main hurdle, Block said, is a defendant must be found competent to stand trial – meaning the court must find the defendant is able to both understand the nature of the legal proceedings against him and assist his lawyers in his own defense.

“It’s virtually impossible to imagine that a 6-year-old would meet either of the criteria necessary to find competency,” said Block, who is also former director of the Virginia Department of Juvenile Justice.

Hypothetically, if prosecutors did file charges, the 6-year-old’s attorneys would have available to them the “infancy defense,” Block said, which essentially says anyone under the age of 7 can never be found criminally responsible.

The student is also likely too young for a detention center if he were to be found guilty, Block told CNN. “The juvenile justice system is not set up to handle kids this young,” he said.

The courts would have limited options in Virginia, where one must be 11 years old to be held in custody in a state facility, Block said. That leaves open other possibilities, such as residential treatment or “wraparound” support services for the family.

Alternatively, the student could be found to be a “child in need of services,” Block said, which would mean the child was “engaging in behavior that puts either themselves or others at serious risk of harm,” and the courts could step in to make sure the child received the needed services.

“Given the little that we know, that seems like it would be a more expedient, appropriate and hopefully productive path for people to pursue if it ends up going to court at all,” Block said.

It’s “hard to speculate” about what might happen to the parents without knowing how the 6-year-old obtained the gun, Block told CNN on January 9 – before a news conference in which the police chief confirmed the gun was taken by the child from his home.

There is a scenario where the parents could be held criminally liable if they did not keep the weapon properly locked up and safely out of the hands of their child. But in Virginia, that’s only a Class 1 misdemeanor.

“But we just don’t know right now how he came into possession of the gun, why he wanted the gun, what the context of this whole tragedy is,” Block said. “So it’s hard to know if there’s criminal liability or not, and who should have it.”

It was “certainly a possibility” the mother could face charges, Drew told “CNN This Morning” on January 10. But authorities continue to investigate, he said, noting they were checking for any possible history with Child Protective Services.

“And at the end of the day, when that’s all compiled together and the facts and what the law supports, the Commonwealth’s attorney will make the decision if there are any charges forthcoming … towards the parents,” Drew said.

The family statement said they are cooperating with investigators.

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California mom Maya Millete’s family says husband charged in her murder used spellcasters, subliminal messages

Larry Millete, a California man charged with murdering his wife two years ago, allegedly went to bizarre lengths to try to save the couple’s marriage, including by hiring spellcasters and putting subliminal message machines under their bed, the missing woman’s family testified at a preliminary hearing this week. 

Maya Millete disappeared from her Chula Vista home on Jan. 7, 2021, the same day that she made an appointment with a divorce attorney after a year of marital problems with her husband. 

She moved into the home of her brother, Jay-R Tabalanza, and his wife, Genesis, between May and June 2020 amid those marital problems. 

A preliminary hearing is underway to determine if Larry Millete will face trial for allegedly murdering his wife. 

A preliminary hearing is underway to determine if Larry Millete will face trial for allegedly murdering his wife. 
(KSWB)

Larry allegedly turned to the supernatural to try to convince Maya to stay in the relationship once she moved back in to their home, purchasing a subliminal message machine to play while she slept, Genesis testified on Wednesday, according to FOX 5 San Diego. 

“She found the subliminals and said I’m trying to cage her in an invisible cage,” Larry texted Genesis in 2020, according to testimony. 

MAYA MILLETE ENCOURAGED TO GO TO SAFEHOUSE BEFORE SHE DISAPPEARED, FRIEND SAYS

Larry also contacted spellcasters throughout 2020 to try to convince her to remain in love with him, and even said he was considering apprenticing under a spellcaster in September 2020 because he was “desperate.” 

“I’m willing to sell my soul,” Larry texted Genesis in reference to the lengths he would go to keep the marriage. 

This undated photo shows Maya and Larry Millete. 

This undated photo shows Maya and Larry Millete. 
(Maricris Drouaillet)

Maya and Larry Millete share three children. 

Maya and Larry Millete share three children. 
(Maricris Drouaillet)

San Diego County District Attorney Summer Stephan said that the messages to spellcasters became “a lot more threatening” in December 2020, one month before Maya disappeared. 

MAYA MILLETE’S HUSBAND LARRY CHOKED HER UNTIL SHE PASSED OUT, GOOGLED DATE-RAPE DRUGS: WARRANT

In September 2020, Larry Millete allegedly sent a picture to a friend of what appears to be an altar covered in blood splatter or wax surrounded by candles. 

An altar that Larry Millete sent to a friend in September 2020, which appears to have blood splatter or red wax over an image of the couple. 

An altar that Larry Millete sent to a friend in September 2020, which appears to have blood splatter or red wax over an image of the couple. 
(Fox News Digital)

Maya informed Genesis and her sister, Maricris Drouaillet, that she had made up her mind to divorce Larry, telling them of her decision during a New Year’s Eve trip. 

“After Lara’s birthday party I’m going to file for a divorce, if Larry tries to call you don’t answer the phone call, if something happens to me, it’s going to be Larry,” Genesis said that Maya told her loved ones, per FOX 5 San Diego. 

MISSING CALIFORNIA MOM MAYA MILLETE’S FAMILY SPARS WITH HUSBAND OVER VISITATION RIGHTS FOR CHILDREN

Larry was arrested in October 2021 and charged with murder and illegal possession of an assault weapon.

According to a warrant for his arrest, Larry searched on Google in December 2020 for “Flunitrazepam, Rohypnol, and diphenhydramine,” which are “central nervous system sedatives and depressants that could be used to incapacitate a person.” 

The Milletes' home in Chula Vista, California, where Larry was arrested in October 2021. 

The Milletes’ home in Chula Vista, California, where Larry was arrested in October 2021. 
(KSWB)

The warrant also said that Larry has “a frantic, desperate, unbalanced mindset coupled with violent and sometimes homicidal ideation.”

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Maya Millete’s remains have never been found despite dozens of searches by law enforcement and her loved ones. 

A judge presiding over the preliminary hearing will decide at its conclusion whether there is enough evidence to go to trial. Larry’s attorney did not immediately respond to a request for comment on Thursday. 


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